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Impressions in Fixed Prosthodontics

This document discusses dental impressions, including the different types of impression materials and techniques. It describes the key requirements for accurate impressions and the properties and uses of various elastic impression materials like polysulfides, polyethers, and silicones. Different impression techniques are covered, such as two-step putty-wash, one-step double mix, and monophase single mix. Factors like tray selection, mixing, and evaluation of successful impressions are also summarized.

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85 views57 pages

Impressions in Fixed Prosthodontics

This document discusses dental impressions, including the different types of impression materials and techniques. It describes the key requirements for accurate impressions and the properties and uses of various elastic impression materials like polysulfides, polyethers, and silicones. Different impression techniques are covered, such as two-step putty-wash, one-step double mix, and monophase single mix. Factors like tray selection, mixing, and evaluation of successful impressions are also summarized.

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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Impressions in Fixed Prosthodontics

Impressions
Imprint or negative reproduction, made by placing soft, semi-fluid material in the mouth till the complete setting. positive reproduction or cast

Impressions
Requirements: Accurate reproduction of the prepared tooth (prepared and uncut surface). Accurate reproduction of other teeth and tissue adjacent to the prepared tooth. Absence of bubbles.

Choice of Impression Material

Technique of Impression

Successful Impression

Impression materials
Impression materials are commonly classified by considering their elastic properties once set.

non-elastic materials

elastic materials

Properties of Impression materials


Wettability Viscosity

Dimensional stability
Cost

Wettability
Ease of pouring with gypsum products
Defect free impression no air bubbles

hydrophilic, ex.: polyether, hydrocolloids, hydrophobic, ex.: polysulfide, silicones

Viscosity
Viscosity fluidity

consistency: light, medium, heavy, putty

Viscosity

Viscosity
Thixotropy: property that allows a material to stay in a tray without dripping and have low viscosity to be used in a syringe. viscosity of the material is reduced by increasing the shear rate

Elastic impression materials


Hydrocolloids Elastomeres

Reversible Irreversible

Polysulfide Polyether Silicone

Elastic impression materials


Hydrocolloids Elastomers

Reversible (Agar agar)

Irreversible (alginate)

Reversible hydrocolloid (Agar)


Passes repeatedly between highly viscous gel and low viscosity sol simply through heating and cooling

Reversible hydrocolloid
need expensive conditioning baths and water cooled

trays

poor dimensional stability

low tear resistance

Irreversible hydrocolloid

Irreversible hydrocolloid alginate


very poor dimensional stability
Temp. affects the setting time low tear resistance

Elastic impression materials


Hydrocolloids Elastomers

Reversible Irreversible Silicone

Polysulfide Polyether

Polysulfides
light body (low viscosity), medium or regular body

and heavy body (high viscosity).

Polysulfides
Advantages: long working time (decreased by raising temperature or moisture) excellent tear resistance cheap

Polysulfides
Disadvantages:
setting reaction long

messy to handle
objectionable odor Shrinkage as a result of a continued setting

reaction + evaporation of water produced as a by-product of the setting reaction

Polyethers
single regular viscosity
heavy light bodied system

Polyethers
Advantages: no reaction by-product dimensional stability adequate tear resistance very good elastic properties hydrophilic Disadvantages: high elastic modulus ,rigid when set absorption of water on storage in conditions of high humidity

Silicones
Classified according to their method of polymerisation on setting condensation curing (or Type I) silicones and addition curing (or Type II) silicones.
Available in: light, medium, heavy and putty viscosities

Silicones (condensation-cured)
good elastic properties
adequate tear resistance non-toxic and absolutely neutral in both color and taste.

Silicones (condensation-cured)
setting reaction produces a volatile by-product (ethyl

alcohol) shrinkage Highly hydrophobic

Silicones (condensation-cured)

Silicones (addition-cured)
Highly dimensionally stable (pouring can be delayed

7-10 days) Adequate tear resistance Excellent elastic recovery

Silicones (addition-cured)
release of H2 that produces bubbles in models

prepared within the 1st hour hydrophobic

Silicones (addition-cured)
Setting inhibition caused by some brands of latex

gloves.

Silicones (addition-cured)

Trays
Tray selection depends on impression material used

and viscosity Irreversible hydrocholloid and most elastomeric impressions can be made using prefabricated impression trays A custom tray improves the accuracy of elastomeric impression by limiting the volume of material The opposite is true regarding hydrocholloids

Mixing

Impression Technique
Usually we use two viscosities

1- high (heavy body or putty): make the bulk of the impression 2- low (light body or wash): gives details

Impression Techniques
Two step putty/wash
One step double mix Monophase ,single mix

Two-step technique (high pressure)


putty is recorded first and after setting relined with a

thin layer of wash Used with condensation silicon and additional silicone

Two-step technique (high pressure)

Two-step technique (high pressure)

Two-step technique (high pressure)

Two-step technique (high pressure)

Two-step technique (high pressure)


Suitable for subgingival margins

One step, double mix technique (low pressure)


putty and wash are recorded simultaneously (also

called twin mix or laminate technique)

Tray: putty or heavy viscosity Syringe: low viscosity

Monophase , single mix technique


One viscosity:

In the custom tray and syringe

Evaluation
Proper mix: no visible streaks of base or catalyst
Accurate seating of the tray: custom tray should not

show through Absence of voids, folds or creases especially in critical area around finish line Even un-interrupted extension of impression material beyond the margins of the preparation No seperation between impression material and the tray

Disinfection

ThanQ

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