Scribd
Upload
132 views14 pages

2G and 3G Networks: Indraneel Chitale Akhilesh Kale

2G and 3G Networks - 2G networks, launched in 1991, represented a significant leap over 1G networks through the use of digital technology and encryption. However, 2G networks had disadvantages like weaker signals in rural areas. - 3G networks, first launched in 1999, enabled mobile internet access, video calls, mobile TV and other services through improved data transmission rates. They offered better call quality and supported new applications. - India's allocation of 2G spectrum in 2008 at low prices without auction resulted in major losses to the government and led to a major scandal. The process of 3G spectrum allocation also faced some controversy around favoritism.

Uploaded by

akhilesh_kale
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
132 views14 pages

2G and 3G Networks: Indraneel Chitale Akhilesh Kale

2G and 3G Networks - 2G networks, launched in 1991, represented a significant leap over 1G networks through the use of digital technology and encryption. However, 2G networks had disadvantages like weaker signals in rural areas. - 3G networks, first launched in 1999, enabled mobile internet access, video calls, mobile TV and other services through improved data transmission rates. They offered better call quality and supported new applications. - India's allocation of 2G spectrum in 2008 at low prices without auction resulted in major losses to the government and led to a major scandal. The process of 3G spectrum allocation also faced some controversy around favoritism.

Uploaded by

akhilesh_kale
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

2G and 3G Networks

Indraneel Chitale Akhilesh Kale

Stands for Second Generation

2G Networks

Networks in Mobile Telephony.

First launched in Finland on GSM


Network by Radiolinja in 1991.

Significant Leap in telephony over 1G


networks due to the use of digital technology and digital encryption.

Further Developed into 2.5G(GPRS) &


2.75G(EDGE).

2G Types
Broadly classified into TDMA or CDMA
depending on the Multiplexing used.

Main Categories Include GSM based on TDMA technology - Most


Prevalent

Interim Standard 95 based on CDMA Personal Digital Cellular based on TDMA


developed specially for Japan

2G Advantages
The lower power emissions helped address health concerns. Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data services, such
as SMS and email.

Greatly reduced fraud. With analog systems it was possible to have two
or more "cloned" handsets that had the same phone number.

Enhanced privacy. A key digital advantage not often mentioned is that


digital cellular calls are much harder to eavesdrop on by use of radio

scanners.

2G Disadvantages

In less populous areas, the weaker digital signal may not be sufficient to reach a cell tower Analog has a smooth decay curve, digital a jagged steppy one. This can be both an advantage and a disadvantage. Under good conditions, digital will sound better. Under slightly worse conditions, analog will experience static, while digital has occasional dropouts. As conditions worsen, though, digital will start to completely fail, by dropping calls or being unintelligible, while analog slowly gets worse, generally holding a call longer and allowing at least a few words to get through. While digital calls tend to be free of static and background noise, the lossy compression used by the codecs takes a toll; the range of sound that they convey is reduced. You'll hear less of the tonality of someone's voice talking on a digital cellphone, but you will hear it more clearly.

3G Networks

Refers to the Third Generation Networks in Mobile Telephony. Application services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video callsand mobile TV, all in a mobile environment.

First Launched by DoCoMo in Japan using a WCDMA Base.


In December 2007, 190 3G networks were operating in 40 countries and 154 HSDPA networks were operating in 71 countries. Data Transmission uses Packet Switching. Voice Transmission uses Circuit Switching.

Global Roaming Services can be accessed. Wide Band Voice Channel allows better
service.

Features of 3G

Improved Clarity over 2G. Support Mobile Entertainment,Video


Conferencing, Data Exchange and Internet, Gaming and MMS.

Has Data Transfer rate of more then 384


KBPS.

Better Security over 2G.

Along with technical knowledge


morals and ethics play a major role in an engineers life.

Ethics and Responsibility

This is more important when one is


a leader, be it in the technical , corporate or political world.

The 2G Scam, India 2G technology for telecommunication


was Implemented in Finland in 1991.

2G licenses issued to private telecom


players at throwaway prices in 2008 in India.

No auction process hence government


lost lot of revenue.

85 of the 122 licenses were issued to


companies which suppressed facts, disclosed incomplete information and submitted fictitious documents to DoT and thus used fraudulent means of getting licenses and thereby access to spectrum.

Raja was blamed for violating guidelines,


indulging in favouritism and costing the government Rs. 1.76 lakh crores by giving away 2G spectrum in 2008 at bargain basement prices to inexperienced new players.

Nine companies purchased licenses and collectively they paid the Ministry of Communications and Information Technologys telecommunications division 10,772 crore.The amount of money expected for this licensing by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India was 176,700 crore.

3G Spectrum Allocation

Controversy

As observed in the table only 3 players were allocated the spectrum per major sector.

Allocation was done (unofficially) prior to opening of the spectrums.


The 3G spectrum auction in India began on 9 April 2010. The winners were awarded spectrum in September, and Tata Docomo is the first private operator to launch 3G services in India

THANK YOU!!!!!

You might also like