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Hello, Everyone!

This document provides an overview of phonology and phonetics. It defines key phonological concepts like the phonic medium of language and speech sounds. It then describes the branches of phonetics including articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics. The document outlines the classification of English consonants and vowels according to their manner and place of articulation. It also discusses how consonants and vowels are represented using the International Phonetic Alphabet. Homework questions at the end ask students to practice classifying English speech sounds.

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59 views

Hello, Everyone!

This document provides an overview of phonology and phonetics. It defines key phonological concepts like the phonic medium of language and speech sounds. It then describes the branches of phonetics including articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics. The document outlines the classification of English consonants and vowels according to their manner and place of articulation. It also discusses how consonants and vowels are represented using the International Phonetic Alphabet. Homework questions at the end ask students to practice classifying English speech sounds.

Uploaded by

sneyadav
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Hello, Everyone!

Review questions
Give examples to show the following features that make human language different from animal communication system: 1. Arbitrariness 2. Productivity 3. Duality 4. Displacement 5. Cultural transmission

Chapter 2

Phonology

2.1

The Phonic Medium of Language

Questions
1. Whats the phonic medium of language? 2. What are speech sounds?

The Phonic Medium of Language


1. The phonic medium of language refers to the limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication. 2. Speech sounds refers to the individual sounds which the phonic medium of language.

2.2 Phonetics
Questions: Whats phonetics?

1. Branches of phonetics

Speech Production (speaker A)

Speech Perception (speaker B)

A three-step process of speech sounds

Articulatory phonetics: the study of the production of speech sounds Acoustic phonetics: the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech

Auditory phonetics: the study of the perception of speech sounds

2. Whats phonetics: A redefinition


Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies speech sounds with regard to their articulation, physical properties, and perception.

2.2.2
Organs of speech

1. The respiratory tract

2. Organs of speech
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A. The pharyngeal cavity: 13 windpipe, 12 glottis/vocal cords, 11 pharyngeal cavity B. The oral cavity: 1/2 lips, 3/4 teeth, 5 teeth ridge(alveolus), 6 hard palate,7 soft palate (velum), 14 uvula, 8 tip of tongue, 9 blade of tongue, 10 back of tongue C. Nasal cavity: 15

14

2.2.3 Orthographic representation of speech sounds


1. IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet): A standardized and internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription. The present one mainly derives from one developed in the 19202 by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones (1881-1967), revised in 1993, corrected (updated) in 1996.

Broad and Narrow Transcription


1. Diacritics/: the set of symbols in IPA, which are added to the letter-symbols to bring out finer distinctions than the letters alone may possibly do. Leaf [li:f], feel [fi:]; pit [phit], spit [spit]

Broad and Narrow Transcription


2. Broad transcription The transcription of sounds with letter-symbols only. / _ / 3. Narrow transcription: The transcription of sounds with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. [ _ ]

2.2.4 Classification of English Speech sounds


A dichotomy of English speech sounds: 1. Vowels: Speech sounds which are produced with no obstruction whatsoever of the vocal tract, so no turbulence or a total stopping of the air can be perceived. 2. Consonants: Speech sounds which are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.

2.2.4.1 Classification of English consonants


1. In terms of manner of articulation: A. stops/plosives: [p][b][t][d][k][g] B. fricatives:[f, v, s, z, +, +, +, +, h] C. affricates: [+, +] D. liquids: lateral [l], retroflex [r] E. nasals: [m, n, ] F. glides/semivowels: [w, j]

Classification of English consonants


2. In term of place of articulation: A. bilabial: [p, b, m, w] B. labiodental: [f, v] C. dental: [, +] D. alveolar: [t, d, s, z, n, l, r] E. palatal: [+, +, +, +, j] F. velar: [k, g, ] G. glottal: [h]

Classification of English consonants


3. In terms of the state of the vocal cords: A. voiced: consonants produced when the vocal cords are closed, and the airstream causes them to vibrate again each other. B. voiceless: consonants produced when vocal cords are apart, and air passes through easily.

Classification of English consonants


Turn to P.20, classify the consonants as voiced or voiceless: A. VD: B. VL:

Classification of English vowels


A dichotomy 1. Monophthongs: individual vowels 2. Diphthongs: vowels which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions. [ei, ai, au, u, +, i, e, u]

Classification of English monophthongs


1. In terms of the position of the tongue A. fornt: B. central: C. back:

Classification of English monophthongs


2. In terms of the openness of the mouth A. close: B. semi-close: C. semi-open: D. open:

Classification of English monophthongs


3. In terms of the shape of the lips A. unrounded: all the front vowels, central vowels, and [a:]. B. rounded: all the back vowels except [a:].

Classification of English monophthongs


4. In terms of the length A. short: B. long: 5. In terms of the state of the larynx A. tense: all the long vowels B. lax: all the short vowels

Homework
1. P. 31: 2-5 (oral) 2. P.31: 6 (written) 3. 2.3

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