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Momentum: - Impulse - Impulse Changes Momentum - Bouncing - Conservation of Momentum - Collisions

The document discusses momentum, impulse, and their relationship. It defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity, and impulse as the product of force applied and time. Impulse causes changes in momentum, with greater impulse resulting in greater changes to momentum. Examples are provided of how impulse can increase or decrease an object's momentum. The principle of conservation of momentum is explained, where the total momentum of a system remains the same if no external forces act on it.

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Chrise Raj
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71 views17 pages

Momentum: - Impulse - Impulse Changes Momentum - Bouncing - Conservation of Momentum - Collisions

The document discusses momentum, impulse, and their relationship. It defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity, and impulse as the product of force applied and time. Impulse causes changes in momentum, with greater impulse resulting in greater changes to momentum. Examples are provided of how impulse can increase or decrease an object's momentum. The principle of conservation of momentum is explained, where the total momentum of a system remains the same if no external forces act on it.

Uploaded by

Chrise Raj
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 6 Momentum

Impulse Impulse Changes Momentum Bouncing Conservation of Momentum Collisions

Momentum
Momentum: Inertia in motion - or - mass in motion . Carries the notion of both mass (inertia) and velocity (motion) Momentum = mass x velocity (momentum is in the same direction as the velocity) Momentum = mv Or Momentum = mass x speed (if you dont care about the direction) A 20 kg object moving at 10 m/s has a momentum of 200 Momentum is a vector!!

kg m s

Something massive moving fast carries a lot of momentum Something REALLY massive moving not so fast carries a lot of momentum. Something with little mass doesnt carry much momentum unless it goes fast.

Video: Definition of Momentum

Impulse
Given that Momentum = mv If velocity changes, momentum changes, and acceleration (either + or ) occurs But we know: 1. for acceleration to occur, a force has to be applied. 2. If a given force is applied over a longer time, more acceleration occurs.

IMPULSE is a measure of how much force is applied for how much time, and its equal to the change in momentum.
Impulse = Force x time Or Impulse = F x t A force applied over time will change the momentum of an object:

Impulse examples
Follow through increases the time of collision and the impulse

small

large

Question 1

Question 1 Answer

Impulse changes Momentum


A greater impulse exerted on an object OR A greater change in momentum

Impulse = Change in momentum


OR Impulse = (mv) Greek symbol Delta Means the change in

Impulse can be exerted on an object to either INCREASE or DECREASE its momentum.

Case 1: Increasing Momentum


Examples: Hitting a golf ball: Apply the greatest force possible for the longest time possible. Accelerates the ball from 0 to high speed in a very short time.

Baseball and bat:

The impulse of the bat decelerates the ball and accelerates it in the opposite direction very quickly.

Video: Changing Momentum Follow Through

Case 2: Decreasing Momentum


It takes an impulse to change momentum, and Remember Impulse = F x t If you want to stop somethings motion, you can apply a LOT of force over a short time, Or, you can apply a little force over a longer time. Remember, things BREAK if you apply a lot of force to them.

Case 3: Decreasing Momentum over a Short Time


If the boxer moves away from the punch, he extends the time and decreases the force while stopping the punch. If he moves toward the punch, he decreases the time and increases the force

The airbag extends the time over which the impulse is exerted and decreases the force.

Hitting the bricks with a sharp karate blow very quickly maximizes the force exerted on the bricks and helps to break them.

Bouncing
Think about a bouncing ball:
Before it hits the ground: At the moment it hits Speed = v the ground: Momentum = mv Speed = 0 Momentum = 0 After it leaves the ground: Speed = v Momentum = mv

Impulse needed to stop the ball = mv

Impulse needed to accelerate the ball upwoard = mv

Total Impulse = 2mv Important point: It only takes an impulse of mv to stop the ball. It takes twice that much (2mv) to make it bounce) (Maybe why basketballs dont bounce so well on gravel) Video: Definition of Momentum

Other Bouncing Examples


From book: Pendulum and block Pelton Wheel Flower Pot on Head

Also:
Pool Ball off a cushion (linked to applet)
(Ignore the rotational motion for now)

Question 1

Question 1 Answer

Conservation of Momentum
If no net external force (same as saying no net impulse) acts on a system, the systems momentum cannot change.
Momentum = 0 before the shot
Cannons momentum Shells momentum (equal and opposite)

And after the shot

Cart and bricks applet

After the bricks fall on the cart, the momentum of the cart-brick system will still be the same.

Collisions
Net momentum before collision = net momentum after collision
2 billiard balls collide head on momentum is zero before and after 1 billiard balls collide with a stationary one momentum is the same before and after
Elastic collisions - No kinetic energy lost to heat, etc

2 billiard balls moving in the same direction collide momentum is the same before and after

Inelastic collisions - Some kinetic energy lost to heat, etc

Upon collision, the cars stick together The total mass moves slower, but the momentum of the 2 cars together is the same as the momentum of the system before the collision.

More Complicated Collisions


Colliding at an angle:
The momentum vectors of car A and B add together to give the resultant momentum of the system.
Momentum of car A

Resultant Momentum

The exploding object:

Momentum of car A

The firecracker is initially falling After the explosion, the momenta of the pieces add. The total momentum of the system of pieces is the same as the original momentum of the firecracker.

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