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Applications of ATM Networks: Overview of Various ATM Applications Like ATM & MPLS Networks

Two Model for carrying IP over ATM: Classical IP over ATM Multi-Protocol over ATM Classical IP over ATM – IT provide mechanism to transfer IP datagram over ATM Its drawbacks was that a node belong to different subnets traverse through one or more router even though direct connection could be possible. Multi-Protocol over ATM – It uses LANE and NHRP to establish direct VC connection between end system that belongs to different subnets.

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46 views

Applications of ATM Networks: Overview of Various ATM Applications Like ATM & MPLS Networks

Two Model for carrying IP over ATM: Classical IP over ATM Multi-Protocol over ATM Classical IP over ATM – IT provide mechanism to transfer IP datagram over ATM Its drawbacks was that a node belong to different subnets traverse through one or more router even though direct connection could be possible. Multi-Protocol over ATM – It uses LANE and NHRP to establish direct VC connection between end system that belongs to different subnets.

Uploaded by

oureducation.in
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Applications of ATM Networks : Overview of various ATM applications like ATM & MPLS networks

Overview
Two Model for carrying IP over ATM:
Classical IP over ATM Multi-Protocol over ATM

Classical IP over ATM


IT provide mechanism to transfer IP datagram over ATM Its drawbacks was that a node belong to different subnets traverse through one or more router even though direct connection could be possible.

Multi-Protocol over ATM


It uses LANE and NHRP to establish direct VC connection between end system that belongs to different subnets.

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)


Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
is a mechanism in high-performance telecommunications networks It directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a routing table.

The labels identify virtual links (paths) between distant nodes rather than endpoints. MPLS can encapsulate packets of various network protocols. MPLS supports a range of access technologies, including T1/E1, ATM, Frame Relay and DSL.

Overview of MPLS
Till date MPLS only supports IP protocol because of huge success of Internet.
IP is connectionless best effort protocol with no QoS requirements. ATM is provide services where QoS is prime concern. MPLS provides synergistic (working together) approach between IP and ATM. MPLS merges the IP routing protocols with fast packet switching in frame-based IP network

The requirement for MPLS is due to deficiencies in the internet protocol.

Motivation for MPLS


Main motivation for development of MPLS are:

Efficient forwarding mechanism


Due to increase in traffic in internet, the bandwidth of carrying the link is increased alongside causes the router to bottleneck. This is due to complex routing algorithm to determine the next-hop for a packet which is time consuming because the process repeats the same for each node a packet visits. So need an efficient forwarding mechanism .

Support for traffic engineering and explicit routing


Traffic engineering optimize link utilization for load balancing and ensure links are not congested or under utilize. Explicit routing specify a path to reach destination rather then Hopto-Hop decision at each node.

Support for quality of service


Traditional IP networks were designed on best effort service not on QoS. Due to increasing internet user and demands QoS is required . IETF has standardized the Differentiated service (Diffserv) standards to define and achieve QoS in IP networks.

How MPLS Works

How MPLS Works


1. Classification of packet into forward equivalence class (based on destination IP address) at the ingress point at the in the MPLS network i.e. when packet enters the MPLS domain. 2. MPLS domain only lookup label-table to forward packet to the destination.
Concept of Label and Label table is equivalent to concept of VPI/VCI and VPI/VCI translation table.

Continued..
3. In ATM, ATM signalling is used to populate VPI/VCI, In similar way LDP (Label distribution Protocol) or RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) is used to populate Label across MPLS domain. 4. LDP or RSVP used for path setup and is called Label Switched Path (LSP) in MPLS which is similar to the concept of SVC in ATM.

How MPLS Works


Boundary router are called edge routers. In Edge router:
The flow of traffic coming into MPLS domain is called the Ingress MPLS router. The flow of traffic going out of MPLS domain is called the egress MPLS router. MPLS router is also called Label Switching Router (LSR)

QoS in MPLS :
The two packet flow between same source and destination is classified into different FECs depending on the QoS required by them so that they can be switched from two different paths. Reduced processing required for packet forwarding reduces the per-hop processing time.

Traffic engineering in MPLS :


LSPs provides reduced path.

ATM and MPLS


Two main area of research involves:
Support of IP over ATM in MPLS ATM-MPLS network internetworking

MPLS for IP over ATM

MPLS for IP over ATM


Multiple MPLS based IP networks can be connected to each other via an ATM backbone. Within ATM backbone, MPLS packets are switched to MPLS domain using ATM switching. MPLS edge LSR and ATM switch provide interface between MPLS and ATM domain and these internetworking nodes are called ATM LSR. ATM LSR performs following broad function:
Frame to cell translation ATM cell switching.

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