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We Don't See Things As They Are, We See Things As We Are.: A. Nin

Perception is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to understand their environment. It is influenced by factors like attitudes, motives, experiences, and expectations. Perception affects behavior and decision-making. When judging others, shortcuts like selective perception, halo effects, contrast effects, projection, and stereotyping can occur. Impression management involves strategies to control how one is perceived by others. Perception plays a role in important organizational contexts like interviews, performance evaluations, and decision-making.

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308 views

We Don't See Things As They Are, We See Things As We Are.: A. Nin

Perception is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to understand their environment. It is influenced by factors like attitudes, motives, experiences, and expectations. Perception affects behavior and decision-making. When judging others, shortcuts like selective perception, halo effects, contrast effects, projection, and stereotyping can occur. Impression management involves strategies to control how one is perceived by others. Perception plays a role in important organizational contexts like interviews, performance evaluations, and decision-making.

Uploaded by

Sarita Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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We dont see things as they are, we see things as we are. A.

Nin
Presented by:
B - 19 Debashrita Sarkar B 24 Dinesh Tiwari B 26 Harish Patil B 30 Leena Pagadala B 48 Sachin Yadav

Perception
Derived from the Latin word Perceptio
Perception is the process by which individuals

organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment or surrounding

Sub process of perception


Environment Behavior Consequence

Confrontation of specific stimulus

Feedback

Registration

Interpretation

Importance of Perception
Perception is central in interpreting the world around

us Perception affects the outcome of our behaviour because we act on the basis of what we see An understanding of perception is important to understand and control the human behaviour Two people can see the same things and interpret it differently Perception affects the decision making process

Factors Influencing Perception


Perceiver Target Situation

Attitude Motives Interests Experience Expectations

Novelty Motion Sounds Size Background Proximity Similarity

Time Work setting Social setting

Person Perception Making judgment about others

Attribution Theory
Observation

Interpretation
Attribution of cause

Attribution theory (Contd.)


High Distinctiveness External Internal External Internal Internal External

Low
High Individual Behavior Consensus Low High Consistency Low

Shortcuts in judging others


Selective perception
Halo Effect Contrast Effects

Projection
Stereotyping

Selective perception
We assimilate everything we observe in bits and pieces
Bits and pieces of observation are selected according to

the following :
Interests Background Experience Attitudes

Cont.

Halo effect
Drawing a general impression about an individual on

the basis of a single characteristic such as intelligence, sociability or appearance Likely to occur in the organization stage Individual differences are obscured

Contrast effects
Evaluation of a person is not done in isolation
Reaction to one person is influenced by other persons

we have recently encountered.

Projection
The tendency to attribute ones own characteristics to

other people Likely to occur in interpretation stage Projection could be controlled through a high degree of self -awareness and empathy.

Stereotyping
Judging someone on the basis of our perception of the

group to which he or she belongs Strong impact at the organization stage Individual differences are obscured

Impression management

Impression management strategies


Apologies
Accounts Disassociation

Demotion preventive strategy

Entitlements

Enhancements

Promotion enhancing strategies

Obstacle
disorders

Association

Tactics of impression management


Behavioral matching
Self promotion Conforming to situational norms

Appreciating or flattering others


Being consistent

Perception in Decision Making


Occurs as a reaction to a problem
It requires interpretation and evaluation of

information Relevant and irrelevant data is chosen based on Perception Strengths and weakness of alternatives are decide based on perception

Applications in Organizations
Employment Interview
Performance Expectations Ethnic Profiling

Performance Evaluation

Case Study

Swiss Airline Staff Case


Switzerlands national carrier Swiss plans to lay off

Swiss workers and replace them with flight attendants from India and Thailand There was a loud protest from Swiss staff and several trade union in Zurich

Management Point of View


Since Indian tourists are rated as the second highest spending foreign tourists in Switzerland, the management took the decision to higher Indian staff

Another reason was the pressure on management to cut cost

Workers Perception
Management wants to get rid from them

Management wants to earn extra profit by laying of domestic workers who were expensive in comparison with indian or thai workers

Management wants to threaten the existing staff by laying off a few so that they can reduce the salary of the existing workers eventually

Perceptual Organization
FIGURE-GROUND PERCEPTUAL GROUPING

PERCEPTUAL ORGANISATION

PERCEPTUAL CONSISTANCY

PERCEPTUAL CONTEXT

Contd..
According to figure-ground principle perceived

objects will be separate from its background. Perceptual consistency works on the principle of learning and that it emanates from pattern of cues The perceptual context gives meaning and value to stimuli, objects, events, situation and other individuals in the environment.

Contd..
The fundamental principle of perceptual

grouping refers to the tendency to group several stimuli into recognizable pattern

CLOSURE

SIMILARITY

PERCEPTUAL GROUPING

CONTINUIT Y

PROXIMITY

Thank You

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