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Data Base Models

The presentation discusses 5 different database architectures or models: hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, and multidimensional. Each model organizes and stores data differently, with different advantages and disadvantages. The relational database model introduced in 1970 by Dr. E. F. Codd is now the dominant technology due to its improved conceptual simplicity, easier design and management, and powerful query capabilities using SQL.

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Junaid khan
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238 views21 pages

Data Base Models

The presentation discusses 5 different database architectures or models: hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, and multidimensional. Each model organizes and stores data differently, with different advantages and disadvantages. The relational database model introduced in 1970 by Dr. E. F. Codd is now the dominant technology due to its improved conceptual simplicity, easier design and management, and powerful query capabilities using SQL.

Uploaded by

Junaid khan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theme of Presentation

The presentation is about


“5” Different
Database Architectures
Or
Database Models.

By
Junaid Ali Siddiqui
Need of different designs:

• The use of database Management


system to store data.
– We know:
– Database?
– Collection of logically related data, design to
meet the needs of information in an organization.
– Relationship b/w different files?
– Defined by the logical and physical design.
– It implies the access path b/w the data.
Good vs. Bad Design:
– Poor design results in unwanted data
redundancy
– Poor design generates errors leading to
bad decisions
Introduction to different
designs:

• Hierarchical database model,


• Network database model,
• Relational database model,
• Object oriented database model,
• Multidimensional database model.
Hierarchical database
Architecture:
•Logically represented by an upside down
tree
•Each parent can have many children
•Each child has only one parent
Continued…….
• It is a pointer based model
• Organizes data in a tree-like structure
• Stores data in tables and views
relationships as links
• Supports one-to-many parent-child
relationships
• Prevalent in large legacy systems
– Dominant in 1970s , when we used mainframe
system with large databases
Advantages

– Conceptual simplicity
– Database security and integrity
– Data independence
– Efficiency
Disadvantages:
– Complex implementation: Database
design was complicated
– Difficult to manage
– Lack of standards
– Complex pointer based organization
– Less flexible compared to RDBMS
– Lack support for English language-
like queries
Network Database Model
(1:M)
• Each record can have multiple
parents
– Composed of sets
– Each set has owner record and
member record
– Member may have several owners
Continue…
• Depicts data logically as many-to-
many relationships
• Organizes data in tables and views
relationships as links
• It is also a pointer based model
• Access via multiple pathways
• Flexible, powerful
Advantages:
– Conceptual simplicity
– Handles more relationship types
– Data access flexibility
– Promotes database integrity
– Data independence
– Conformance to standards

Disadvantages:
Complex pointer based organization
Less flexible compared to RDBMS
Lack support forEnglish language-like
queries
Relational Database Model
• Was introduced in 1970 by Dr. E. F. Codd (of
IBM)
• Commercial relational databases began to
appear in the 1980s
• Today relational databases have become the
dominant technology for database
management

• Perceived by user as a collection of tables for


data storage
• Tables are a series of row/column
intersections
• Tables related by sharing common entity
Relational Database
Model……….
Advatages
– Improved conceptual simplicity
– Easier database design, implementation,
management, and use
– Query capability with SQL
– Powerful database management system

Disadvantages:
Substantial hardware and system
software overhead
Poor design and implementation is made
easy
Object-Oriented Databases
Uses an object-oriented data model
Can store instructions
Handles unstructured data
Photographs, audio, video
Data is organized using – Attributes
Objects
– Methods
Classes
Entities
• Object-oriented DBMS: Stores data and
procedures as objects that can be retrieved and
shared automatically
• Object-relational DBMS: Provides capabilities of
A Comparison: The OO Data Model and the ER Model
Advantages:
Database integrity

Disadvantages:
Disadvantages

•Complex navigational data


access
•High system overhead slows
transactions
Multidimensional Database
Model
• Often used in data warehouse
applications.
• By two ways it is viewed
– Cube view
– Star schema view
Cube view
• A cell contain data relevant to the
intersection of all of its dimension
values
Star schema view
• At the center is a fact table,
equivalent to the cell in the multi
dimension view
• This table contain all the raw
attributes and a composite key
made up of all the primary keys of
all the surrounding dimension
The Development of Data Models
Thank You!!!!!!!!
Hope You Enjoyed that
Any Comment about my Presentation

[email protected]

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