FALSE FLOORING

CEILING
PRESENTED BY. 5. DUHITA DAS 17. CHIRAG MULANI 23. NIKUNJ PATEL 26. HARSH SANGHVI 37. NIGAM OZA

DROPPED CEILING (FALSE CEILING)

DEFINITION
A FALSE CEILING IS A CEILING THAT IS SUSPENDED FROM THE MAIN CEILING. THE SUSPENSION IS FIXED TO THE WALLS, ROOF OR BEAMS OF THE SUPERSTRUCTURE. IN SIMPLER WORDS, A FALSE CEILING IS A SECOND CEILING CREATED BELLOWS THE ORIGINAL.

USES : TO CONCEAL SERVICE LINES, SUCH AS AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS, ELECTRICAL WIRING AND SPARKERS. TO GIVE THERMAL INSULATION. TO SOUNDPROOF ROOMS SUCH AS MEETING ROOMS, AUDITORIUMS, ETC, WHICH REQUIRE A QUIT ENVIRONMENT. TO ACCOMMODATE LIGHTING SYSTEMS. TO PROVIDE LIGHTING EFFECTS SUCH AS HIDDEN LIGHTING, WALL WASHERS, COVE LIGHTING AND FLOATING LIGHT EFFECTS ON THE CEILING. AS A DESIGN ELEMENT.

MATERIALS
1 GYPSUM BOARD (GYPBOARD):

LIGHTWEIGHT, FLEXIBLE AND FIRE AND MOISTURE RESISTANT, GYPSUM IS MOST COMMONLY USED FOR FALSE CEILING. GYPSUM BOARD PANELS ARE TOUGH, VERSATILE AND ECONOMICAL, AND ARE FAST REPLACING OTHER CEILING MATERIALS SUCH AS POP.
GYPSUM BOARD CAN BE USED WHILE CONSTRUCTING FALSE CEILING. AS WELL AS TO RENOVATE OLD CEILINGS. THE MATERIAL IS FIRE-RESISTANT, WATERPROOF, AS WELL AS SOUNDPROOF, WHICH IS WHY IT IS THE MOST PREFERRED MATERIAL FOR FALSE CEILING. A GYPSUM PANEL COULD HAVE TAPERED OR SQUARE EDGES. PANELS WITH TAPERED ADAGE ARE USED FOR CEILING SINCE THE GAP BETWEEN EACH EDGE CAN BE FILLED, TO GIVE A SMOOTH SURFACE. SQUARE-EDGES BOARD CAN BE USED. WHERE VISIBILITY OF THE JOINTS IS A REQUIREMENT. A SUSPENDED GYPSUM BOARD CEILING CAN BE CONSTRUCTED BY NAILING GYPSUM BOARD PANELS TO EACH OTHER, OR BY FIXING THE PANELS IN A METAL GRID (USUALLY STEEL). GENERALLY, GYPSUM PANELS OF 600 MM600MM ARE USED.

GYPSUM CEILING ARE POPULAR BECAUSE: THE DRY CONSTRUCTION ELIMINATES THE USE OF EXTRA WATER WHILE MAKING THE CEILING. THIS ALSO KEEPS THE BUILDING CLEAN. GYPSUM BOARD IS QUITE FLEXIBLE. IT ALLOWS FOR VARIOUS SHAPES AND DESIGNSUCH AS PLAIN, CURVED, STEPPED, COFFERED, PELMET, DROP DESIGN, ETC. IT IS POSSIBLE TO SUSPEND A LOAD OF UP TO 15 KG FROM THE CEILING WITHOUT ANY DIFFICULTY. A GYP BOARD CEILING SUSPENDED ON A METAL GRID FORMS A STRONG CEILING DESIGN. THE CEILING CAN BE EASILY DECORATED WITH WALLPAPER OR PAINT, 24 HOURS AFTER IT IS CONSTRUCTED. GLASS FIBRE-REINFORCED GYP BOARD MAKES EXCELLENT INSULATION MATERIAL. GYPSUM CEILINGS ARE NON-RESONANT WHICH MAKES THEN GOOD SOUNDPROOFING. WHEN EXPOSED TO FIRE, GYPSUM GIVES OUT WATER, WHICH IS CONVERTED TO STEAM AND HELPS COMBAT THE FIRE. THIS IS WHAT MAKES THE CEILING FIREPROOF.

METHOD OF GYPBOARD ATTACHMENT

GYPBOARD ATTACHED(DIRECT TO FRAMING): SECURED DIRECTLY TO FRAMING MEMBERS OR TO SOLID FURING. MOST WIDELY USED IN RESIDENTIAL AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION. TWO LAYERS MAY BE REQUIRED FOR AN IMPROVED FIRE RESISTENCE TO SOUND TRANSMISSION. DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY DEFLECTION AND/OR EXPANSION/CONTRACTION IN SUPPORTING FRAMING.

PRIMARY & SECONDARY SUPPORTS

Concealed metal framework

Concealed wooden framework

2. METAL CEILING PANELS: METAL PENALS ARE NOT SOUND RESISTIVESO THEY ARE COUPLED WITH INSULATING MATERIALS TO MAKE THEM SOUNDPROOF.

THEY ARE IDEAL FOR CONCEALING DUCTS AND WIRING, SINCE THEY CAN BE EASILY INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED.
ALUMINUM OR STEEL PANELS, 600MM600MM IN SIZE, ARE GENERALLY USED. THE PANELS CAN BE LAID ON A VISIBLE STEEL GRID WITH T-SECTIONS OR CROSS-SECTIONS THAT ARE SUSPENDED FROM THE CEILING BY RODS. THIS RESULT IS STRONG, LONG-LASTING SURFACE, WHICH IS EASY TO ACCESS. THE PANELS CAN ALSO BE CLIPPED TO EACH OTHER OR CLIPPING INTO A SUSPENSION SYSTEM HAVING SPRINGS. THAT METHOD PREVENTS THE PANEL EDGES FROM BEING SEEN. THE THIRD METHOD IS TO STRETCH THE METAL SHEETS TO FORM VARIOUS SHAPES, WHICH CAN BE SUSPENDED FORM THE CEILING. THIS TREATMENT IS IDEAL FOR OBTAINING A VARIETY OF SHAPES IN THE METAL, WITHOUT CHANGING ITS SOUNDPROOFING ABILITY.

ADVANTAGES OF METAL CEILING:

THEY REDUCE OVERALL COST, SINCE THEY ARE EASY TO INSTALL AND ACCESS. HIDDEN SERVICES CAN BE EASILY ACCESSED SINCE THE PANELS ARE REMOVABLE. THEY ARE IDEAL FOR WORKSPACES WHICH REQUIRE CLEAN ENVIRONMENTS AND SERVICES THAT REQUIRE MAINTENANCE SUCH AS THE MACHINERY ROOMS, THE AHU, ETC.

THEY HAVE A MONOLITHIC LOOK.

THEY GIVE THE SPACE A VERY MODERN LOOK AND BLEND WELL WITH GLASS.

3. FIBREBOARED AND FIBRE/MINRAL REINFORCED TILES: FALSE CEILING CAN BE MADE WITH FIBRE OR MINERAL REINFORCED TILES AND FIBREBOARD. FIBRE REINFORCED TILES ARE STRENGTHENED WITH WOOD VEGETABLE FIBRE, WOOD WASTE, REED PAPER AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES. MINERAL TILES ARE CERAMICS REINFORCED WITH NATURAL STONE, WOOD, VEGETABLE FIBRE, BITUMEN AND TARS. THIS PROCESS INCREASES THE INSULATION CAPACITY OF THE PRODUCT. FIBREMINERAL-REINFORCED MATERIALS ARE USED BECAUSE: THEY HAVE HIGH INSULATION AGAINST SOUND AND FIRE. THE FIBRE INCREASES THE HARDNESS AND THE TOUGHNESS OF THE MATERIAL. THE MATERIAL CAN BE DECORATED WITH PAINT OR OTHER FINISHES IMPROVING THE AESTHETICS OF THE ROOM. WATER REPELLENTS AND PRESERVATIVES CAN BE ADDED TO INCREASE THE LIFE OF THE PRODUCT.

4. PLASTER OF PARIS: PLASTER OF PARIS (POP) IS COMMONLY USED FOR CONSTRUCTING FALSE CEILINGS. GYPSUM, WHICH GIVES OUT WATER WHEN HEATED, MAKES POP. POST-HEATING, GYPSUM SOFTENS AND IS THEN CRUSHED TO FORM A POWDER. POP HARDENS INSTANTLY WHEN WATER IS ADDED TO IT. IT IS APPLIED TO FIBREBOARD OR A WOOD BASE, WHICH IS THEN SUSPENDED TO FORM THE FALSE CEILING.
ADVANTAGES OF POP: A SMOOTH, UNIFORM FINISH. THE SURFACE CAN BE RECORDED OR PAINTED. POP FALSE CEILING ARE EASY TO CONSTRUCT AND MAINTAIN. THE CEILINGS ARE REALITY LIGHT.

5. PLYWOOD: PLYWOOD CEILING ARE WIDELY USED FOR THEIR VISUAL APPEAL. THESE CEILINGS ARE CREATED WITH STRIPS OF PLY GLUED OR NAILED TOGETHER. THE STRIPS ARE HELD TOGETHER AND STRENGTHENED WITH PLY SUPPORTS AT EQUAL DISTANCES. PLY CEILING ARE GENERALLY USED IN PLACE WITH COLD CLIMATES. ADVANTAGE OF PLY CEILINGS: THEY ARE STRONG AND LOOK APPEALING. THEY CAN BE GIVEN VARIOUS FINISHES, OR PAINTED TO GET THE RIGHT LOOK. THEY CAN BE TREATED TO INCREASE THEIR LIFESPAN.

HOWEVER, PLY CEILING ARE DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN, SINCE THE ARE PRONE TO TERMITE ATTACKS. THE ROOM HAS TO BE THERMALLY CONTROLLED TO REDUCE THE HUMIDITY IN THE AIR. ALSO, THE WOOD IS PRONE TO WARPING AND OTHER PHYSICAL CHANGES, WITH TIME.

6.PVC FALSE CEILING PVC CEILING SYSTEM IS LIGHT IN WEIGHT, MOISTURE RESISTANT AND REDUCES CONDENSATION AND SUBSEQUENT DRIPPING FROM CEILING ONTO WORK SURFACES. THE CLEANABLE, NONABSORBENT SURFACE IS UV STABLE AND WILL NOT DISCOLOUR. PVC CEILING SYSTEMS SOLVES THE PROBLEM OF DIRTY, UNHYGIENIC CEILINGS THAT ARE DIFFICULT, AND EXPENSIVE TO CLEAN BY PROVIDING A BRIGHT, DURABLE AND HYGIENIC SURFACE, WHICH IS EASILY MAINTAINED. THIS EXTREMELY PRACTICAL CEILING SYSTEM IS SUITABLE FOR ANY AREA REQUIRING A FIXED, NON-POROUS, NON-FIBROUS AND NONABSORBENT CEILING.

THEY ARE WATERPROOF, TERMITE PROOF, FIRE RETARDANT, ECONOMICAL, MAINTENANCE FREE, BEING NON-POROUS AND NON-ABSORBENT, CAN INCORPORATE FLUSH FITTING LIGHTING, ACCESS HATCHES, AIR VENTS AND SPRINKLERS EASY TO INSTALL & AVAILABLE IN VARIOUS COLOURS SHADES & NO HASSLES OF PAINTING & POLISHING.

FABRIC
INEXPENSIVE MATERIAL, MAY BE DRAPED ACROSS CEILINGS, COLLECT DUST

 TENSILE SPANNING ONLY PARTIALLY CONCEALS DUCTS BUT GREATLY ADDS TO THE AESTHETICS OF THE SPACE.

THE LIGHT IS DIFFUSED THROUGH THE FABRIC PROVIDING A COMFORTABLE INTENSITY.

ADVANTAGES
FIRE SAFETY IF FIRE SAFETY IS A FACTOR, CEILING TILES MADE FROM MINERAL FIBRES, OR FIRE-RATED WOOD PANELS CAN BE USED WITHIN THE CONSTRUCTION TO MEET ACCEPTABLE STANDARDS/RATINGS.

EASE OF MODIFICATION ANOTHER ADVANTAGE OF A DROPPED CEILING IS THAT THE EASILY-REMOVED CEILING PANELS OFFER INSTANT ACCESS TO THE PLENUM, GREATLY SIMPLIFYING REPAIRS OR ALTERATIONS.

DISADVANTAGES ONE DISADVANTAGE WITH THIS CEILING SYSTEM IS REDUCED HEADROOM. CLEARANCE IS REQUIRED BETWEEN THE GRID AND ANY PIPES OR DUCTWORK ABOVE TO INSTALL THE CEILING TILES AND LIGHT FIXTURES. IN GENERAL, A MINIMUM CLEARANCE OF 100 TO 200 MILLIMETRES (4 TO 8 IN) IS OFTEN NEEDED BETWEEN THE LOWEST OBSTRUCTION AND THE LEVEL OF THE CEILING GRID.

Case study

SITES : ELECTRICAL SHOP IN CITY

Gypsum

Screws

2.Horizontal

3.Horizontal

1.Vertical

1. THE CLAMPS ARE FIRST DRILLED INTO THE CEILING . 2. THEN THE VERTICAL MEMBERS ARE SUSPENDED WITH HELP OF THE CLAMP SCREWS. ONE ASSEMBLY IS CAPABLE OF TAKING A LOAD OF ABOUT 25 KG. 3. NOW THE C-SECTIONS ARE FIXED HORIZONTALLY TO ALL THE SIDES(WALLS) OF THE ROOM. 4. THEREAFTER AN ENTIRE HORIZONTAL GRID OF C-SECTIONS ARE LAID; AND TO THIS THE SECTIONS ARE FIXED. NOW THESE ARE FIXED AT ONE END AND KEPT FREE AT OTHER SO THAT THEIR INCLINATION CAN BE ADJUSTED IF REQUIRED TO , AT THE TIME OF FIXING THE GYPSUM BOARDS. 5. NEXT THE LAYING OF WIRING PIPES IS DONE.

6. FOR LAYING GYPSUM BOARDS THEY ARE CUT APPROXIMATELY TO THE NEEDED SIZE. THE BOARDS ARE EXTREMELY EASY TO CUT. 7. NOW THEY ARE HELD AGAINST THE FRAMING AND CHECKED FOR ANY DISCREPANCIES IN MEASUREMENT. AFTER FINALIZING THE SIZE THE THEY ARE SCREWED TO THE FRAMING. 8. THIS FINISHED OUR CASE STUDY AT THE FIRST SITE.

1. THE BOARDS AFTER THEY GET FIXED. FINISHING LEFT.

2. THE JOINTS ARE THEN MADE AS V-GROOVE BEFORE FINISHING. 3. THEN LAPI GYPSUM POWDER PASTE IS FILLED IN THE V-GROOVE AND A NET TAPE IS STUCK OVER IT. 4. AFTER COMPLETING THE PROCESS WITH ALL THE JOINTS OF CEILING ITS LEFT FOR SOMETIME AND THEN FINALLY THE FIRST COAT IS DONE FOR THE ENTIRE CEILING.

RAISED ACCESS FLOOR (FALSE FLOOR)

FALSE FLOORING

FALSE FLOORING IS USED FOR BUILDINGS WITH HIGH SERVICE REQUIREMENT MOSTLY OFFICES WHICH CARRIES HIGH AMOUNT OF CABLES ETC. AND SOMETIMES AIR-CONDITIONER, WATER SUPPLY PIPES. AND IT IS ALSO USED IN COMPUTER ROOMS FOR ROUTING CABLES UNDER FLOOR. THE ENTIRE FLOOR SHOULD BE CAPABLE TO TAKE DISTRIBUTED LOAD OF 1200 KG. PER SQ/M. SUCH FLOORING CAN BE INSTALLED AT VARYING HEIGHTS FROM 2 INCHES (51 MM) TO HEIGHTS ABOVE 4 FEET (1,200 MM) TO SUIT SERVICES THAT MAY BE ACCOMMODATED BENEATH. ADDITIONAL STRUCTURAL SUPPORT AND LIGHTING ARE OFTEN PROVIDED WHEN A FLOOR IS RAISED ENOUGH FOR A PERSON TO CRAWL OR EVEN WALK BENEATH.

 THE HEIGHT OF THE LEGS/PEDESTALS IS DICTATED BY THE VOLUME OF CABLE AND OTHER SERVICES PROVIDED BENEATH, BUT TYPICALLY ARRANGED FOR CLEARANCE OF AT LEAST SIX INCHES OR 15CMS.

THE PANELS ARE NORMALLY MADE OF STEEL-CLAD PARTICLE BOARD OR A STEEL PANEL WITH A CEMENTITIOUS INTERNAL CORE.
THERE ARE A VARIETY OF FLOORING FINISHES TO SUIT THE APPLICATION SUCH AS CARPETS, HIGH PRESSURE LAMINATES, MARBLE, STONE, AND ANTI-STATIC FINISHES.

IN THE U.S., UNDERFLOOR AIR DISTRIBUTION IS BECOMING A MORE COMMON WAY TO COOL A BUILDING BY USING THE VOID BELOW THE RAISED FLOOR AS A PLENUM CHAMBER TO DISTRIBUTE CONDITIONED AIR, AS HAS BEEN DONE IN EUROPE SINCE THE 1970S. IN DATA CENTERS, ISOLATED AIR-CONDITIONING ZONES ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH RAISED FLOORS. PERFORATED TILES ARE TRADITIONALLY PLACED BENEATH COMPUTER SYSTEMS TO DIRECT CONDITIONED AIR DIRECTLY TO THEM.

IN TURN, THE COMPUTING EQUIPMENT IS OFTEN DESIGNED TO DRAW COOLING AIR FROM BELOW AND EXHAUST INTO THE ROOM. AN AIR CONDITIONING UNIT THEN DRAWS AIR FROM THE ROOM, COOLS IT, AND FORCES IT BENEATH THE RAISED FLOOR, COMPLETING THE CYCLE.

PLENUM CHAMBER

BENEFITS FOR RAISED/ACCESS FLOORING :

TOUGH BUILDS TO SUPPORT DEMANDING ENVIRONMENTS GREATER ENERGY EFFICIENCY BY DIRECTING AIRFLOW ONLY TO WHERE IT IS NEEDED

CONVENIENT ACCESS TO UNDERFLOOR CABLING AND CRITICAL SERVICES

LEVELING OF UNEVEN FLOORS IN SITES WITH GRADED SURFACES REDUCED FUTURE COSTS TIED TO LAYOUT RECONFIGURATIONS A LARGE VARIETY OF SURFACE OPTIONS TO CREATE THE LOOK YOU WANT

TYPES OF PANEL
CONCRETE-FILLED: THE PANEL HAS AN OUTER STEEL SHELL AND ITS CENTER IS FILLED IN WITH CONCRETE. THE ADDED STRENGTH OF HAVING A CONCRETE CORE OVER A HOLLOW PANEL. A MINOR DRAWBACK TO CONCRETE-FILLED PANELS ARE THEIR WEIGHT (12-18 KGS EACH), BUT MOST CUSTOMERS OVERLOOK THIS IN FAVOR OF THEIR GREATER STRENGTH. HOLLOW-STEEL: STEEL OUTER SHELL WITH A HOLLOW, OR EMPTY, CENTER. ALTHOUGH THESE DO NOT HAVE THE STRENGTH OF A CONCRETE-FILLED PANEL, THEY REMAIN POPULAR IN OFFICE ENVIRONMENTS DUE TO THEIR LIGHTER WEIGHT AND REASONABLE STRENGTH.

WOODCORE: STEEL OUTER SHELL WITH A COMPOSITE WOOD CENTER. WOODCORE PANELS WERE VERY POPULAR UNTIL THE EARLY 2000S. AT PRESENT, THESE PANELS ARE MOSTLY INSTALLED AS REPLACEMENTS IN SITES WHERE WOODCORES ALREADY EXIST

ALUMINUM PANELS THIS ACCESS FLOOR SYSTEM CONSISTS OF COMPLETE DIE CAST ALUMINUM COMPONENTS THAT ARE TYPICALLY USED IN HI-TECH ENVIRONMENTS SUCH AS CLEAN ROOMS, DATA CENTERS, MEDICAL X-RAY, BIOMEDICAL, MICROELECTRONIC, PHARMACEUTICAL AND LABORATORY FACILITIES. PERFORATED RAISED FLOOR TILE AND GRATES PROVIDE SUPERIOR COOLING FOR MANAGING HEAT LOADS IN MISSION CRITICAL FACILITIES. 25% TO 55% FREE FLOW AIR AVAILABLE FOR ALL SYSTEMS

THE SYSTEM CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS : A) STRINGER BASED SYSTEM B) STRINGER FREE - CORNER LOCK SYSTEM

A) STRINGER BASED SYSTEM THIS SYSTEM BASED UNDERSTRUCTURE CREATES A 6000MM X 600MM GRID AND ENHANCES STABILITY AND IMPROVES LOADING PERFORMANCE. THIS SYSTEM CAN PROVIDE A FINISHED FLOOR HEIGHT ( FFH) OF 70MM UPTO 1200MM.
B) STRINGER FREE - CORNER LOCK SYSTEM IDEAL FOR LOW HEIGHT OFFICE FLOORS, IT CONSISTS OF ONLY PEDESTALS AS UNDERSTRUCTURE. STRINGERS ARE NOT USED FOR LATERAL AND LOADING SUPPORT. AS PEDESTAL IN THIS SYSTEM DO NOT HAVE STRINGERS SO WHEN PANELS ARE OPENED THE FLOOR BELOW IS FREE OF STRINGER GRID AND VERY OPEN TO APPROACH AND HENCE SERVICE.

INSTALLATION
TILE SIZE -- 600MM X 600MM THICKNESS -- 35 MM

THESE RAISED FLOOR SYSTEM AND FALSE FLOOR SYSTEM CONSISTS OF STEEL CEMENT PANELS, STRINGERS, AND STEEL PEDESTALS.
THE FLOOR PANELS OF FALSE FLOOR SYSTEM ARE EPOXY COATED UNITIZED SHELLS CONSISTING OF A FLAT STEEL TOP SHEET WELDED TO A FORMED STEEL BOTTOM SHEET FILLED WITH A HIGHLY CONTROLLED MIXTURE OF LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT.

TO REMOVE PANELS, A TOOL WITH A SUCTION CUP ON THE END (REFERRED TO AS A "FLOOR PULLER", "TILE LIFTER", OR "SUCTION LIFTER") IS USED. A HOOK-AND-LOOP LIFTER MAY BE USED ON CARPETED PANELS

IMPROVED DATA AFTER PRESENTATION

GEORGE POMPIDOU CENTER FALSE CEILING OF LARGE SPAN STRUTURE FIBER FALSE CEILING DETAIL APPLICATION OF FALSE FLOORING DUCTING SYSTEM IN FALSE FLOORING

GEORGE POMPIDOU CENTER

RAISED FLOOR SYSTEM

WHY USE A RAISED ACCESS FLOOR? A RAISED ACCESS FLOOR IS USED TO PROVIDE A MEANS OF CREATING A VOID BELOW FLOOR LEVEL WHICH IS CAPABLE OF ENSURING BUILDING SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE AT THEIR REQUIRED DESTINATION. THESE SERVICES WILL TYPICALLY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: . . . . . . . ELECTRICAL POWER DATA TELECOM ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL/AIR CONDITIONING FIRE DETECTION AND SUPPRESSION SECURITY WATER AND DRAINAGE.

THE USE OF A RAISED ACCESS FLOOR WILL ALLOW QUICK AND EASY ACCESS TO THESE SERVICES FOR MAINTENANCE REASONS. ALSO IN TODAY'S MODERN OFFICE ENVIRONMENT CHURN IS A MAJOR ISSUE. THAT IS THE NUMBER OF TIMES THAT THE OFFICE LAYOUT HAS TO BE MODIFIED TO CATER FOR CHANGING REQUIREMENTS BROUGHT ABOUT BY NEW TECHNOLOGY, NEW PERSONNEL OR NEW TENANTS TO A BUILDING.

THANK YOU