EEE381B Aerospace Systems & Avionics

Introduction
Ref: Moir & Seabridge 2006, Chapter 1

Syllabus
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

6.
7. 8. 9. 10.

11.
12.

Introduction Foundation material Antenna theory Communication and identification Navigation Radar Electronic warfare Electro-optics Electromagnetic interference Power generation and distribution Architecture and data buses Integration software

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1.1 Introduction

Avionics = AVIation electrONICS Represents ~50% of the cost of an airborne military platform Essential for:
Manned

aircraft Uninhabited aircraft (UAV) Missiles Other weapon systems

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1.1.1

Short history of avionics

1910s first experiments with radio and autopilot 1930s first electronic aides such as:
blind-flying

panels radio ranging non-directional beacons Ground-based surveillance radar Single-axis autopilot
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1.1.1

Short history of avionics

1940s : many WWII related developments:

communications Identification friend or foe (IFF) Gyroscopic compass Attitude and heading reference systems Airborne intercept radar Electronic warfare Long-range precision radio navigation 2-axis autopilot

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1.1.1

Short history of avionics

1950 :
Tactical

air navigation (TACAN) Tracking radar Doppler radar Pulse radar Early mission computers Inertial navigation

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1.1.1

Short history of avionics

1960 :
Integrated

electronic warfare systems Automated weapon release systems Terrain following radar Head-up-display (HUD) Digital mission computers

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1.1.2

A typical system

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1.1.3

Functional integration

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Military Roles
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

6.
7. 8. 9. 10.

11.
12.

Air superiority Ground attack Strategic bomber Maritime patrol Battlefield surveillance Airborne early warning Electronic warfare Photographic reconnaissance Air-to-air refuelling Troup / materiel transport Uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAV) Training

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1.2 Air superiority

Role: control access to the aerial battle space

deployment Engage beyond visual range Close combat (dogfight) Extreme agility (carefree handling) Navigational accuracy Identification and prioritization of targets Accurate weapon aiming Part of a tactical communication network

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1.2.1

Air superiority

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1.2.2

Air superiority

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1.2.3

Air superiority

CF188 Hornet

Eurofighter Typhoon

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1.3 Ground attack

Role : Assist tactical troops on the ground

identification of targets among friendly forces Designate targets by laser Attack fixed and moving targets Close air support (CAS), commanded from the ground

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1.3.1

Ground attack

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1.3.2

Ground attack

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1.3.3

Ground attack

Lockheed F-16

A-10 Thunderbolt II
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1.4 Strategic bomber

Role: bomb enemy territory

at very high altitudes Long mission durations Ability to refuel High payload capacity Weapons delivery

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1.4.1

Strategic bomber

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1.4.2

Strategic bomber

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1.4.3

Strategic bomber

B-52

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B-2

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1.5 Maritime patrol

Roles:
Anti-surface

warfare

Reconnaissance Naval attack Targeting Intelligence Communication relay

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1.5.1

Maritime patrol
warfare

Roles:
Anti-submarine

Aerial support for convoys Reconnaissance and intelligence Track submarine targets Restricting enemy submarine operations Support friendly submarines

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1.5.2

Maritime patrol
and rescue

Roles:
Search

Search for survivors Air-drop survival equipment Scene-of-action commander Escort rescue helicopter Escort vessels in distress

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1.5.3

Maritime patrol
protection

Roles:
Exclusive economic zone Oil and gas rig patrols Fishery protection Pollution detection Border protection Illegal immigration Illegal arms dealing Anti-terrorism Illegal drug activities

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1.5.4

Maritime patrol

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1.5.5

Maritime patrol

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1.5.6

Maritime patrol

CP-140 Aurora

Sikorsky H92 (CH-148 Cyclone)

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1.6 Battlefield surveillance

Role : battlefield scenario information

strategic and tactical real-time battlefield intelligence Radar observation of ground targets and movements

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1.6.1

Battlefield surveillance

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1.6.2

Battlefield surveillance

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1.6.3

Battlefield surveillance

E-8 JSTARS

Raytheon ASTOR

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1.7 Airborne early warning

Role : Early detection of airborne attack

altitude Long mission duration Look-down / look up radar with a 360 scan capability Airborne command post Network enabled operations

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1.7.1

Airborne early warning

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1.7.2

Airborne early warning

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1.7.3

Airborne early warning

E-2 Hawkeye

E-3 Sentry

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1.8 Electronic warfare

Roles:
Electronic

countermeasures (ECM)

Disrupt communications and radars Deceive (spoof) or confuse the enemy

support measures (ESM)

Intercept, locate, record and analyze electromagnetic energy (emitters) Detect enemy radar from a great distance

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1.8.1

Electronic warfare
intelligence (SIGINT)

Roles:
Signals

Intercept and record communication transmissions (COMINT) Intercept, analyse and record radar transmissions (RADINT) Non-communication signal interception and recording (ELINT)

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1.8.2

Electronic warfare

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1.8.3

Electronic warfare

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1.8.4

Electronic warfare

EA-6 Prowler

RC-135

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1.9 Photographic Reconnaissance

Role: photographic imagery (IMINT)

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1.9.1 Photographic Reconnaissance

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1.9.2 Photographic Reconnaissance

SR-71 Blackbird

U2 Dragon Lady

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1.10

Long

Air-to-air refuelling
range, capable of carrying a large fuel

Role : hum... air-to-air refuelling

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1.10.1 Air-to-air refuelling

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1.10.2 Air-to-air refuelling

KC-135

KC-10

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1.11

Troop/material transport

Role : Movement of troops and equipment to remote locations

cargo carrying capacity (weight and volume) Ramp access Ability to refuel while airborne Accurate navigation Operate in poor weather conditions Operate from short ill-prepared airstrips

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1.11.1 Troop/material transport

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1.11.2 Troop/material transport

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1.11.3 Troop/material transport

C-17 Globemaster III

CC-130

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1.12 Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle

Predator

Global Hawk

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1.13

Support and training

CT-156 Harvard II

CT-155 Hawk

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