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Struktur Geologi

The document discusses different types of geological structures including folds, faults, and fractures. It describes how to measure the geometry of folds, including strike, dip, plunge and hinge lines. It also discusses faults and the different types of fractures that form in rock due to tension or shear stresses. Accurately identifying the orientation and location of these subsurface structures is important for engineering design and construction projects.

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Farisyah Melladia Utami
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806 views49 pages

Struktur Geologi

The document discusses different types of geological structures including folds, faults, and fractures. It describes how to measure the geometry of folds, including strike, dip, plunge and hinge lines. It also discusses faults and the different types of fractures that form in rock due to tension or shear stresses. Accurately identifying the orientation and location of these subsurface structures is important for engineering design and construction projects.

Uploaded by

Farisyah Melladia Utami
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Struktur Geologi

Budhi Kuswan Susilo, ST.MT

JENIS STRUKTUR
LIPATAN (FOLDS)

SESAR/PATAHAN (FAULTS)
REKAHAN (JOINTS/FRACTURES)

LIPATAN
(folds)

MENGUKUR

GEOMETRI LIPATAN

Strike and Dip

Azimuth of horizontal across slope (q) indicates which way plane faces. Dip (f) indicates how steeply the plane is inclined

Measuring strike by touching

Measuring dip by touching

Dip of the fold Axial surface Or plunge of The fold axis

Dip of hinge surface Plunge of hinge line (i.e., (i.e., attitude of axial attitude of fold axis) plane)

0o 1-10o 10-30o 30-60o 60-80o 80-89o 90o

Recumbent fold Recumbent fold Gently inclined fold Moderately inclined fold Steeply inclined fold Upright fold Upright fold

Horizontal fold Sub-horizontal fold Gently plunging fold Moderately plunging fold Steeply plunging fold Sub-vertical fold Vertical fold

SESAR
(faults)

REKAHAN
(fractures)

Extension fracture = mode I fracture Relative motion : tegak lurus terhadap fracture walls

Shear fractures Relative motion : parallel terhadap bidang


Mode II Shear Fracture Motion : sliding motion tegak lurus terhadap tepi kekar

Mode III Shear fracture Motion : sliding motion parallel terhadap tepi kekar

MAX. P. S. EJ

SJ SJ

RJ

MIN.P.S.

INT. P. S.

Dynamic (stress) analysis of joint system: MAX. P. S. = Maximum Principal Stress INT. P. S. = Intermediate Principal Stress MIN. P. S. = Minimum Principal Stress SJ = Shear Joint EJ = Extension Joint RJ = Release Joint

Joints: factures without visible displacement, induced


by tensile stress

Multiple sets of joints


joint surfaces

Sheet-like joints in plutons due to cooling.

Why do we need to be concerned about the orientation of surface structures?

How were decisions made about which blocks to stabilize by bolts?

Why do we need to be concerned about the underground location of bedrock structures?

The location of underground structures must be anticipated in engineering design.


We do need it here.
QueensTunnel, C. Merguerian, 1999

Akhir Kuliah Ke-7

Struktur Geologi

Tugas Belajar Mandiri Geologi Dasar SP 2011

Sebagai calon ahli tambang, anda tentu mengetahui tentang pegunungan yang mengandung bijih, misal yang sekarang ditambang oleh PT Freeport Indonesia. Apakah jenis struktur geologi yang membentuk pegunungan tersebut? Penjelasan disertai dengan ilustrasi/gambar!

Tugas Belajar Mandiri (lanjutan)


Sumatera

Selatan memiliki cekungan yang kaya minyak dan gas bumi, serta batubara. Apakah jenis struktur yang membentuk cekungan tersebut? Penjelasan disertai ilustrasi/gambar!

Tugas Belajar Mandiri (lanjutan)


Batuan

di alam dapat mengalami retakan alami (kekar). Retakan tersebut terbentuk karena respon terhadap tegasan (stress). Apakah intensitas kekar pada batuan dapat menyebabkan longsor? Berikan penjelasan disertai dengan ilustrasi/gambar!

Tugas Belajar Mandiri (lanjutan)

Lipatan terbentuk sebagai respon atas tegasan kompresional yang mengenai batuan. Apakah perbedaan konsep identifikasi anticline dan syncline? Apakah perbedaan antara plunging fold dan inclined fold? Penjelasan disertai dengan ilustrasi/gambar!

Pengumpulan Hasil Tugas Belajar Mandiri

Senin 25 Juli 2011

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