MATERIAL HANDLING AND PACKAGING

Group Members: JITTO.C.REJI(Roll No:21) KADEEJA JINCY(Roll No:22) KIRAN N(Roll No:23) KRISHNAKUMAR TK(Roll No:24)

PRESENTED BY:
KIRAN

MATERIAL HANDLING
According to J.R.BRIGHT material handling is a system designed in order to get the materials. At right a) place b) at right time c) in right quantity d) in good condition e) at minimum cost. Manual material handling ranges from movement of raw material, work in progress, finished goods, rejected, scraps, packing material, etc. These materials are of different shape and sizes as well as weight. Material handling is a systematic and scientific method of moving, packing and storing of material in appropriate and suitable location.

DIMENSIONS OF MATERIAL HANDLING

 Movement:

The movement aspect of material handling involves the goods into and out of storage facilities, as well as within such facilities
Time:

The time dimension of Material Handling is concerned with readying goods for production or for customer order filling. The longer, it takes to get raw materials to production, the greater chance of work stoppage., higher inventories and increased storage space.
Quantity:

The quantity issue addresses the varying usage and delivery rate of raw material sand finished goods respectively. Material handling systems are designed to assure that the correct quantity of product is moved to meet the needs of production and customers

CONTD......
Space:

This space in a facility is fixed, and the materials handling system must utilize this space effectively. Forklifts adapted with extensions can reach twenty-five to thirty feet, thereby increasing the capacity utilisation of the warehouse.
Co-Ordination:

Material handling may require some coordination with individuals, such as the production manager, at least in the purchase of equipment and perhaps maintenance. Manufacturing and logistics may also need to interchange equipment.

 OBJECTIVES OF MATERIAL HANDLING

the unit materials handling costs Reduce the manufacturing cycle time Contribute toward a better control of the flow of goods Provide for fewer rejects Provide for improved working conditions and greater safety in the movement of materials Achieve decreased storage requirement Gain higher productivity at lower manufacturing cost

FUNCTIONS OF MATERIAL HANDLING

Moving:
It includes movement between machines or workstations, between department, between buildings, the loading and unloading of carriers, as well as much of more handling done at work place.

Storage:
It includes storage of material and tools and supplies between and around all of the above location, including finishing good, warehousing, and the other storage related activities that lie between the producer and consumer.

Selection:
To choose production machinery and assist in plant layout so as to eliminate as far as possible the need of material handling and to choose most appropriate material handling equipment which is safe and can fulfill material handling requirement at the minimum possible overall cost.

PRESENTED BY:
JINCY

PRINCIPLES OF MATERIAL HANDLING

Principle:

Study the system relationships thoroughly prior to preliminary planning in order to identify existing methods and problems, and physical and economic constraints, and to establish future requirements and goals.
Planning

Principle:

Establish a plan to include basic requirements, desirable options, and the consideration of contingencies for all material handling and storage activities.
Unit

Load Principle:

Handling product in as large a unit load as practical.

(CONT.........)
Systems

Principle:

Integrate those handling and storage which are economically viable into a coordinated system of operation including receiving, storage, production, assembly, packaging, warehousing, shipping, and transportation.
Standardization

Principle:

Standardize handling methods and equipment wherever possible.

Space Utilization Principle:

(CONT.........)
Ergonomic

Principle:

Recognize human capabilities and limitations by designing material handling equipment and procedures for effective interaction with the people using the system.
Maintenance

Principle:

Prepare a plan for preventive maintenance and scheduled repairs on all material handling equipment.

(CONT.........)
Energy

Principle: Include energy consumption of the material handling systems and material handling procedures when making comparisons or preparing economic justifications. Mechanization Principle: Mechanize the handling process where feasible to increase efficiency and economy in the handling of materials. Flexibility Principle: Use methods and equipment which can perform a variety of tasks under a variety of operating conditions.

(CONT.........)
Simplification

Principle: Simplify handling by eliminating, reducing, or combining unnecessary movements and/or equipment. Gravity Principle: Utilize gravity to move material wherever possible, while respecting limitations concerning safety, product damage, and loss. Safety Principle: Provide safe material handling equipment and methods which follow existing safety codes and regulations in addition to accrued experience.

(CONT.........)
Computerization

Principle: Consider computerization in material handling and storage systems when circumstances warrant for improved material and information control. Layout Principle: Prepare an operational sequence and equipment layout for all viable systems solutions, then select the alternative system which best integrates efficiency and effectiveness.

(CONT.........)
Reliability

Principle: Provide reliable and dependable material handling equipment from manufacturers who have demonstrated quality and longevity in the industry. Accessibility Principle: Readily have access to the knowledge, expertise, professionalism, and industry leadership. Cost Principle: Compare the economic justification of alternative solutions in equipment and methods on the basis of economic effectiveness as measured by expense per unit handled.

PRESENTED BY:
JITTO

PACKAGING

DEFINITION OF PACKAGING
Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and personal use.

IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING
To

attract attention Protection of the goods inside Assist in promotion Provide machine identification (barcodes, etc.), impart essential or additional information Help in utilization and consumption Used for track and trace purposes

FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGING
PRIMARY FUNCTIONS

Presentation

convenience

Protection

Economy

Preservatio n

PRIMARY FUNCTIONS..

Presentation: presentation of product should be attractive & eye catching

 Protection:

- protection increases life cycle of a product Preservation: - It preserves original colours, Quality, favour etc
-

Economy: Packaging of a product should be economy Convenience: - packaging should be light to handle

 SECONDARY

FUNCTIONS

Containme nt

Handling

Identifica tion

Labeling

Suitabilit y

CONTD..

Containment: - premeasured , preweight and then placed in box Identification : - packaging helps to indentify the products easily Labeling : -it helps to promote the sale of goods

CONTD

Handling: - when package is light in weight it facilitate easy handling of cargo Suitability: - packaging should be match with the product

PRESENTED BY:
KRISHNAKUMAR

MATERIALS USED FOR PACKAGING

DUPLEX BOARD - This is used for containers and can contain liquids as it may have a waterproof liner on the inside. It can have a wax feel. This type of card is used by the food industry and consequently recycled card is not used in its manufacture. SOLID WHITE BOARD - This is normally top quality cardboard made from quality bleached wood pulp. It is the best card for printing on to and consequently it is used for hard backed books and more expensive items.
CORRUGATED BOARD - This type of board is

often used for packaging large electrical items. These large boxes (often brown in colour) protect the contents from damage. Corrugated board is strong because it is composed of a top and bottom layer and in between there is a triangulated section. A triangular section is very strong compared to its weight.

FOIL LINED BOARD - is good quality cardboard with a aluminum foil lining. This type of container is ideal for ready made meals or take away meals. The foil retains the heat and helps keep the food warm.
ALUMINUM is common, easy to manufacture, inexpensive and environmentally friendly because it's made of recycled materials and can again be recycled. Aluminum food containers can store food safely for extended periods. It is perfect for storing canned goods, potted meats and fish, as an inner liner for bags, or even as covers for foods stored in plastic trays.

GLASS CONTAINERS - Glass jars and bottles are very popular for packaging foods. They protect food from moisture, pests, and micro organism. These are very useful as they can be processed under heat, reusable, recyclable, rigid, can be stored and are transparent to display its contents or the food inside. Along with different advantages it has certain disadvantages too. They are heavier and for this require higher transport costs. They can be easily broken, especially, when transporting through rough roads. These are mainly used for packing foods like different preservatives such as jams, jellies, juices, pickles, beer, wine, etc. PLASTIC - is a versatile food-packaging material. Often in the form of custom bags, plastic is used for bread, frozen goods, snack foods and resalables

BAR CODING
A bar code is a series of parallel black and white bars, both of varying widths, whose sequence represents letters or numbers. This sequence is a code that scanners can translate into important information such as a shipments origin, the product type, the place of manufacture ,and the products price. Bar code systems are simple to use,accurate,and quick;and they can store large amount of information SCANNERS: Bar code scanners fall into two main categories: Automatic and Handheld. Automatic scanners are in fixed position and scan packages as they go by on a conveyor belt. Compared to automatic, handheld scanners are difficult to use.

THANK YOU!