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Expansion Solid

- Solids expand when heated and contract when cooled due to the vibration of atoms increasing with temperature, causing them to occupy more space. - Linear expansion refers to expansion in the longitudinal direction and is proportional to the initial length and temperature change. - Volume expansion occurs in all three dimensions and the volume expansion coefficient is three times the linear expansion coefficient. - Thermal expansion must be considered in construction to prevent issues from misfits due to temperature changes.

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157 views

Expansion Solid

- Solids expand when heated and contract when cooled due to the vibration of atoms increasing with temperature, causing them to occupy more space. - Linear expansion refers to expansion in the longitudinal direction and is proportional to the initial length and temperature change. - Volume expansion occurs in all three dimensions and the volume expansion coefficient is three times the linear expansion coefficient. - Thermal expansion must be considered in construction to prevent issues from misfits due to temperature changes.

Uploaded by

Wulandari
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Apperception

Why is a

space left

between the railway line where one piece joins the next?

Summary
On a hot day, the metal expands and if it were not allowed to do this, the rails would bend out of shape. This has caused railway accident in the past.

click

EXPANSION
DEVIDE BECOME 3:

1. LINEAR EXPENSION 2. AREA EXPANSION 3. VOLUME EXPANSION

Thermal Expansion

Expansion of solid

Expansion of liquid

Expansion of gas

Linear expansion

Area expansion

Volume expansion

l= lo. . t

A= Ao. . t

V= Vo. . t

SOLIDS WILL EXPAND WHEN IT IS HEATED AND CONTRACT WHEN IT IS COOLED

S0LID OR LINEAR EXPANSION

EXPANSION HAPPENS BECAUSE THE ATOMS OF AN OBJECT VIBRATE FASTER THAN USUAL, SO THAT ITS VOLUME IS BIGGER AND HENCE, ITS DENSITY DECREASES.

LINEAR EXPANSION OR LENGTH EXPANSION IS A KIND OF EXPANSION WHICH OCCURS ON LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION.

THE LINEAR EXPANSION COEFISIENT () IS A VALUE THAT STATES THE RATE OF AN EXPANSION SPEED OF AN OBJECT PER TEMPERATURE DEGREE.

Linear Expansion
lo
l

lt

Linear Expansion
The expansion of solid body is proportional to the temperature rise and to its length
We can make Formula

l lo t

Summary
Or We can write in equation of thermal expansion:

l = lo t
l lo t = change in length (m) = coefficient of thermal expansion (oC1) = Initial length (m) = change in temperature (oC)

Area Expansion
At

Ao

Area Expansion

We can make Formula

A Ao t A = Ao t

Example. Area expansion can be observed at window. The area expansion coefficient is twice the linear coefficient.

=2

BESIDES THE MATERIAL OR THE OF MATTERS, THE LENGTH OF MATERIALS AND THE CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE ALSO INFLUENCE THE EXPANSION OF THE MATERIALS.

THE HIGGER THE CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE ON CERTAIN OBJECT IS, THE BIGGER ITS EXPANSION WILL BE.

VOLUME EXPANSION OR SPASE EXPANSION IS AN EXPANSION WHICH OCCURS TO ALL DIMENSIONS OF AN OBJECT (LENGTH,WIDTH,AND DEPTH).

VOLUME EXPANSION IS VERY USEFUL IN OUR DAILY LIFE.

Thermal Expansion
Objective

Investigating thermal expansion in solid

Summary
Solid expand when they are heated, and decrease in volume when they get colder. From a microscopic point of view, the result of heating a material can be explained as follows:
There is an addition of energy to the material The internal energy of the atoms of the material increase, causing atoms to vibrate The vibrating atoms now occupy more space when hot compared to when cold.

Linear Expansion
The magnitude of the thermal expansion of the solid depend on :
Type of solid Temperature rise Length

Volume Expansion
Vt

Vo

Volume Expansion
We can make Formula

V Vo t

Or We can write in equation of thermal expansion:

Summary
V Vo t

V = Vo t

= change in Volume (m3) = coefficient of thermal expansion (oC1) = 3 = Initial Volume (m3) = change in temperature (oC)

The volume expansion coefficient is three times larger than the linear expansion coefficient.

=3

BIMETAL STRIP IS A PLATE WICH IS MADE OF TWO KINDS OF METALS WITH DIFFERENT LINEAR EXPANSION COEFFISIENT AND PACKED INTO ONE.

THE NATURE OF THE EXPANSION ON BIMETAL STRIP IS USED AS THE BASIS OF BIMETAL THERMOMETER AND THERMOSTATS OPERATION.

THERMOSTAT IS AN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE TEMPEATURE OF THE ROOM.

SOMETIMES YOU CANNOT CLOSE A DOOR BECAUSE IT DOES NOT FIT TO ITS FRAME ANY MORE? WHY CANT THE
DO YOU KNOW WHY

GLASS OF THE WINDOW BE FIT WITH ITS FRAME?


THIS HAPPENS BECAUSE AT THE HOT NOON, THE DOOR AND THE GLASS OF THE WINDOW EXPAND IN ALL PARTS. THAT IS WHY WHEN YOU ARRANGE THE DOOR, THE GLASS OF THE WINDOW, AND OTHER PARTS OF HOUS, THE NATURES OF EXPANSION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED. DUE TO ITS IMPORTANCE TO OUR DAILY LIFE, WE SHOULD LEARN ABOUT THIS VOLUME

Example
1. If it is know that the linear expansion coefficient of aluminum is 2.4 x 10-5 /oC, what is the final length of an aluminum rod after being heated from 30oC to 100oC. The original length of the rod is 2 m. Solution.

Area expansion in solid


Example. Area expansion can be observed at window. The area expansion coefficient is twice the linear coefficient. The formula of area expansion :
A Ao . . T A Ao (1 .T ) for A Change in Area Ao The first Area

2 Area exp ansion coeficient


T Change in Temperature

Volume expansion in solid


The volume expansion coefficient is three times larger than the linear expansion coefficient. The formula of volume expansion is
V Vo . . T V Vo (1 .T ) for V Change in volume Vo The first volume

3 volume exp ansion coeficient


T Change in Temperature

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