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Introduction To CCNA Exam

The document provides an introduction to the CCNA exam and networking devices, protocols, and models: 1) It discusses networking devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, transceivers, and access points. 2) It covers networking concepts like internetworking, defining network components, and network structure hierarchies. 3) It provides an overview of the OSI model layers and roles, encapsulation of data, and the TCP/IP protocol suite including TCP and UDP.

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2K views

Introduction To CCNA Exam

The document provides an introduction to the CCNA exam and networking devices, protocols, and models: 1) It discusses networking devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers, transceivers, and access points. 2) It covers networking concepts like internetworking, defining network components, and network structure hierarchies. 3) It provides an overview of the OSI model layers and roles, encapsulation of data, and the TCP/IP protocol suite including TCP and UDP.

Uploaded by

sgmunda
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to CCNA Exam

General Certifications
General Certifications
CCNA Certification
Cisco Icons and Symbols
Networking Devices

Repeater

Used to repower or to amplify the signal strength but


no assessments of the data content or addressing.
Networking Devices

Hubs

Used to forward data frames using the same technique


as of repeater . It is also called multi port repeater. It
has no efficiency to block collisions or broadcasting
Networking Devices

Bridge & Switch

Both bridge and switch were software specific and both programmed
with ASIC. More over switch can also control broadcast domain.
Collision domain could also be managed. Switch is also termed as
multi port bridge.
Networking Devices

Routers

Routers are internetworking device with the extraordinary efficient


functionality includes translation between multiple ip networks, ip
packet filtering and network address translation. It has exceptional
range to communicate with WAN technologies as well.
Networking Devices

Transceiver

Access Point

Access Point & Transceiver

Access Point is a server enabled device that is majorly used


to distribute wireless connections. Transceivers are used
to receive and react in the available access point network.
Internetworking

• Two or more stations when interlinked to one another to exchange information


& addresses, they are said to be interconnected.
• Interconnection involves exchange of MAC and IP Address, determination of
ports and protocols and bilateral handshakes.
• Interconnection involves all layers of modern networking.
Defining Components
of the Network

Home  Mobile 
Office  Users

Internet

Branch Office  Main Office
Defining the Components
of a Network (cont.)

Branch 
Office Floor 2

Server Farm
ISDN
Telecommuter Floor 1

Remote Campus
Network Structure Defined by
Hierarchy
Core Layer

Distribution 
Layer

Access
Layer
OSI Model Overview
OSI Model Overview

Application
Application 
(Upper)  Presentation
Layers
Session

Transport Layer

Network Layer
Data Flow 
Layers
Data Link 

Physical
Role of Application Layers
EXAMPLES

User Interface
Telnet
Application
FTP

• How data is presented ASCII
Presentation • Special processing  EBCDIC
such as encryption JPEG
Keeping different  Operating System/
Session applications’ 
Application Access 
data separate
Scheduling
Transport Layer

Network Layer

Data Link 

Physical
Role of Data Flow Layers
Application
Presentation
EXAMPLES
Session

• Reliable or unreliable delivery TCP
Transport  • Error correction before retransmit UDP
SPX
Provide logical addressing which  IP
Network 
routers use for path determination IPX
• Combines bits into bytes and 
bytes into frames 802.3 / 802.2
Data Link
• Access to media using MAC address HDLC
• Error detection not correction
• Move bits between devices
Physical  • Specifies voltage, wire speed and  EIA/TIA­232
pin­out cables V.35
Encapsulating Data
Application
(Protocol Data Unit)
Presentation
PDU
Upper Layer Data Session
Segment
Transport 
TCP Header Upper Layer Data

Network  Packet
IP Header Data

LLC Header Data FCS


Data Link Frame

MAC Header Data FCS

Physical  Bits
0101110101001000010
Introduction to TCP/IP

Department of Defense (DoD)


Introduction to TCP/IP
Introduction to TCP/IP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a set of rules (protocol)
used along with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of
message units between computers over the Internet. While IP takes
care of handling the actual delivery of the data, TCP takes care of
keeping track of the individual units of data (called packets) that a
message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core protocols of the


Internet protocol suite. Using UDP, programs on networked
computers can send short messages sometimes known as
datagrams (using Datagram Sockets
) to one another. UDP is sometimes called the Universal Datagram
Protocol or Unreliable Datagram Protocol.
Introduction to TCP/IP
Introduction to TCP/IP

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