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Rocket Propulsion

The document discusses rocket propulsion and provides examples of how to calculate thrust, fuel burn rate, and exhaust velocity using the rocket propulsion formula. It includes examples of solid fuel and liquid fuel rocket engines as well as examples calculating values for model rockets and the Saturn V rocket.

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273 views29 pages

Rocket Propulsion

The document discusses rocket propulsion and provides examples of how to calculate thrust, fuel burn rate, and exhaust velocity using the rocket propulsion formula. It includes examples of solid fuel and liquid fuel rocket engines as well as examples calculating values for model rockets and the Saturn V rocket.

Uploaded by

dhinadiwa
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rocket Propulsion Contents:

Review Types of Rockets Examples Whiteboards

Microsoft Encarta

Rocket Propulsion
So far we have: Impulse = Ft = mv F = Force (N) t = Elapsed time (s) m = Mass (kg) v = Change in velocity (m/s)

Rocket Propulsion
So: F = engine thrust t = time to burn fuel m = mass of fuel burned v = exhaust gas velocity

Ft
= mv

Which Rocket Accelerates faster?

Demo F14

Rocket Propulsion If we re-arrange this formula: mv = Ft t t

Rocket Propulsion You get F = Engine thrust (N) F = mv m = Fuel burn rate (kg/s) t t Where:
v = Exhaust velocity (m/s)

Rocket Propulsion
Solid Fuel Engine:

Microsoft Encarta

Rocket Propulsion Solid Fuel Engine: Thrust of the Engine: F = mv t


Big v means big F Big v also means lots of pressure Danger Will Robinson!
Microsoft Encarta

Estes

Lookout!

m = .5 kg, Ft = 20 Ns Ft = m v 20 Ns = .5kg v v = ? (x 2.237 for mph)


Estes

Impulse Area under F vs t graph

100 N

5.0 s

Impulse is area under = (40 N)(6.0s) = 240 Ns

Whiteboards 1|2|3

What is the impulse? 100 N

5.0 s

Average F = 70 N, t = 8.0 s, Impulse = (70 N)(8.0 s) = 560 Ns


560 Ns

What is the impulse? 100 N

5.0 s

Impulse = (40 N)(3.0 s) + (70 N)(5.0 s)= 470 Ns


470 Ns

What is the impulse of the D12 engine?

Impulse = (10. N)(1.73 s-0.11 s) + (28 N-10 N)(0.42 - 0.21) = 19.98 Ns (about 20 Ns)
20 Ns

Rocket Propulsion
Liquid Fuel Engine:

How do you keep it from tipping? Why the steam coming off?
Microsoft Encarta

Saturn V Rocket - Apollo missions Escape Tower Command Module L.E.M Third stage

Second stage

First stage

Saturn V Animation (Flash in IE)

Rocket Propulsion
Example 1: A rocket burns fuel at a rate of 1.2 kg/s, with an exhaust velocity of 1250 m/s. What thrust does it develop? Ft = mv v = 1250 m/s m = 1.2 kg t = 1 s (F)(1 s) = (1.2 kg)(1250 m/s), F = 1500 N

Rocket Propulsion
Example 2: A model rocket engine develops 12 N of thrust with an exhaust velocity of 718 m/s. What is its fuel burn rate? Ft = mv F = 12 N v = 718 m/s m = ? kg t = 1 s (12 N)(1 s) = m(718 m/s), m = .0167 kg Burn rate = .0167 kg/s

Whiteboards 1|2|3|4|5|6|7

A certain rocket engine burns .0352 kg of fuel per second with an exhaust velocity of 725 m/s. What thrust does it generate?
Ft = mv F(1 s) = (.0352 kg)(725 m/s), F = 25.5 N

25.5 N

The Saturn Vs first stage engines generated 33.82 MN of thrust (33.82 x 106 N) with an exhaust velocity of 2254.7 m/s. What was its fuel burn rate?
Ft = mv (33.82 x 106 N)(1 s) = m(2254.7 m/s), m = 15,000 kg Burn Rate = 15,000 kg/s

15,000 kg/s

A D12 engine generates 11.80 N of thrust burning fuel at a rate of .0143 kg/s. What is the exhaust velocity?
Ft = mv (11.80 N)(1 s) = (.0143 kg)v, v = = 825.2 m/s

825.2 m/s

A model rocket has a total mass of 235 grams, 145 grams of which is fuel. The engine burns the fuel in 2.74 s, with an exhaust velocity of 890 m/s. What thrust does the engine generate?
Ft = mv F(2.74 s) = (.145 kg)(890 m/s), F = 47.1 N

47.1 N

A model rocket has a total mass of 235 grams, 145 grams of which is fuel. The engine burns the fuel in 2.74 s, with an exhaust velocity of 890 m/s. What are the initial and final rocket masses?

F = 47.1 N

Uh, initial = .235 kg Final = .235 kg - .145 kg = .090 kg


W

.235 kg and .090 kg

A model rocket has a total mass of 235 grams, 145 grams of which is fuel. The engine burns the fuel in 2.74 s, with an exhaust velocity of 890 m/s. What is the initial rocket acceleration?

F = 47.1 N
mo = .235 kg, m = .090 kg, <F>=ma (hint)

<47.1 N - (.235 kg)(9.8 m/s2)> = 2 (.235 kg)(a), a=44.8 N/.235 kg=191 m/s
initial = 191 m/s/s

A model rocket has a total mass of 235 grams, 145 grams of which is fuel. The engine burns the fuel in 2.74 s, with an exhaust velocity of 890 m/s. What is the final rocket acceleration?

F = 47.1 N
mo = .235 kg, m = .090 kg, <F>=ma (hint)

<47.1 N - (.090 kg)(9.8 m/s2)> = 2 (.090 kg)(a), a=44.8 N/.090 kg=514 m/s
final = 514 m/s/s

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