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Mathematics-Set Theory

The document discusses basic concepts of sets including elements, methods of writing sets, types of sets, and operations on sets. It provides examples of union, intersection, complement, and difference of sets using Venn diagrams. It also gives two word problems involving sets to demonstrate applications of set operations.

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She Quintos
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1K views

Mathematics-Set Theory

The document discusses basic concepts of sets including elements, methods of writing sets, types of sets, and operations on sets. It provides examples of union, intersection, complement, and difference of sets using Venn diagrams. It also gives two word problems involving sets to demonstrate applications of set operations.

Uploaded by

She Quintos
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SET THEORY

Basic Concept of Sets Venn Diagram Set Operations and Applications

A SET IS A WELL DEFINED COLLECTION OF DISTINCT OBJECTS.


AN ELEMENT, OR MEMBER, OF A SET IS ANY ONE OF THE DISTINCT OBJECTS THAT MAKE UP THAT SET.

Two Methods in Writing a Set


Roster/Tabular Method

A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
B = {red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet} C = {Dinalupihan, Hermosa, Orani, Samal,Abucay} Rule/Textual Method A={xx is a counting number from 1 to 9} B={xx is a rainbow color}
C={xx is a town on the First District of Bataan}

Kinds of Sets

1.Universal Set (U) ex. English Alphabet

U = {a,b,c,d,e..w,x,y,z}

2.Empty Set ({ } , ) ex. A={a,b,c,d} B = {1,2,3,4,5} Set of common elements between A and B= { } or 3.Finite Set ex. Set of English Alphabet

4.Infinite Set ex. Set of Whole Numbers

Kinds of Sets 5.Equivalent Sets() ex. A={1,3,5,7,9} B = {2,4,6,8,10} 5 elements 5 elements A B or B A 6.Equal Sets(=) ex. C={a,b,c,d,e} D = {a,b,c,d,e} C = D or D = C 7.Joint Sets ex. E={4,5,6,7,8} F = {3,4,5,6,7} E and F are Joint Sets 8.Disjoint Sets ex. A={1,3,5,7,9} B = {2,4,6,8,10} A and B are Disjoint Sets 9.Subsets() or ( _) ex. G={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} H = {2,3,4,5,6} HG GH

Kinds of Sets 1.Universal Set (U) -is the totality of elements under consideration. 2.Empty Set ({ } , ) -set with no element. 3.Finite Set -set with countable elements. 4.Infinite Set -set with uncountable elements. 5.Equivalent Sets() -two sets with the same number of elements. 6.Equal Sets(=) -two sets with exactly the same elements. 7.Joint Sets -two sets with common elements. 8.Disjoint Sets -two sets without common elements. 9.Subsets() or ( _) -portion of a larger set.

Operations on Sets

1.Union of Sets () A={1,2,3,4,5,6} A B= B={2,4,6,8,10} {1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10}

2.Intersection of Sets () A={1,2,3,4,5,6} B={2,4,6,8,10} C={1,3,5,7,9}

A B= {2,4,6}
B C= { }

A C= {1,3,5}

Operations on Sets
3.Complement of a Set ( c )( )

U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} A = {2,3,4,5,6} B = {1,2,3,5,6,7,9,10}


A or Ac = {1,7,8,9,10} B or Bc = {4,8}

4.Difference of two Sets ( / )( ) A={1,2,3,4,5,6} B={2,4,6,8,10} C={1,3,5,7,9}

A / B= {1,3,5}
B/A= {8,10}

A C= {2,4,6}
C A= {7,9}

Examples on Operations on Sets U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} A = {2,3,4,5,6} B = {1,3,5,7,9}


1) (A B)C = (3,5) = {1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10} 2) (A B) (A C) = (3,5) (2,4,6) = {2,3,4,5,6} 3) (A C) CC =
C

C = {2,4,6,8,10}

(2,4,6) (1,3,5,7,9)
={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9}

VENN DIAGRAM 1.Union of Sets ()

VENN DIAGRAM 2.Intersection of Sets ()

VENN DIAGRAM 3.Complement of a Set ( )or ( c )

VENN DIAGRAM 4.Difference of a Set ( / )or ( )

Application: In a survey involving 150 different factories, it was found out that: 70 purchased brand A; 75 purchased brand B; 95 purchased brand C; 30 purchased brands A and B; 45 purchased brands A and C; 40 purchased brands B and C; 10 purchased brands A, B and C.

How many of them purchased: 1.Brand A? 2.Brand B only? 3.Brand C? 4.Brands A and B? 5.Brands A and B but not C? 6.Brand A or C? 7.Brand A or C but not B? 8.exactly 2 brands? 9.at most 2 brands? 10.at least 2 brands? 11.all? 12.How many of them did not purchased any?

In an excursion at Pagsanjan Falls, 80 students brought sandwiches, drinks and cans as follows: 50 students brought sandwiches 30 students brought drinks 30 students brought cans 18 students brought cans and drinks 15 students brought sandwiches and cans 8 students brought sandwiches and drinks 5 students brought sandwiches, drinks and cans.

How many students brought: 1. Sandwiches? 2. Cans? 3. Sandwiches only? 4. At least 2 items? 5. exactly 2 items? 6. Sandwiches and Cans? 7. Drinks and Cans but not Sandwiches? 8. exactly 1 item only? 9. Cans or Sandwiches? 10. Cans or Sandwiches but not Drinks? 11. Sandwiches and Cans but not Drinks? 12. at most 3 items. 13. all items? 14. Cans and Drinks? 15.how many did not bring any?

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