Network programming in java

JDBC

Database

Database

Language

Select * from emp; Select * from emp where salary < 50000; Delete * from emp

Database Connectivity

HOW?

Database Connectivity

Middleware API

ODBC(Open Database Connectivity)

ODBC

ODBC

Driver manager

Driver 1

Driver 2

Driver 3

Driver 4

Database Access

Two Tier Three Tier

Two Tier

Middleware API

Application Layer Client Side Server Side Database Layer Two tier Architecture

Two Tier

Pros

Simplicity Scalability

Cons

Three Tier

Application Layer middle Layer Client Side Server Side Database Layer Three tier Architecture

Three Tier

Three tier

Pros

Performance Complexity

Cons

Why JDBC?

ODBC is c based interface to sql based database. ODBC not appropriate for direct use in java JDBC needed to provide pure java solution.

JDBC Drivers

JDBC-ODBC driver Type 2 driver Type-3 driver Type-4 driver

Type-1 Driver
The Type 1 driver translates all JDBC calls into ODBC calls and sends them to the ODBC driver. The JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver is recommended only for experimental use or when no other alternative is available

T y p 1 e -

O D B C

Type-1 Driver-Disadvantage
Since the Bridge driver is not written fully in Java, Type 1 drivers are not portable. A performance issue is seen as a JDBC call goes through the bridge to the ODBC driver, then to the database, and this applies even in the reverse process. They are the slowest of all driver types.

The client system requires the ODBC Installation to use the driver.

Type-2 Driver
Type 2 drivers convert JDBC calls into database-specific calls i.e. this driver is specific to a particular database.

T y p 2 e -

N a a t p i i v e

Type-2 Driver
Like Type 1 drivers, its not written in Java Language which forms a portability issue. Native API must be installed in the Client System and hence type 2 drivers cannot be used for the Internet.

Type-3 Driver
Type 3 database requests are passed through the network to the middle-tier server. The middle-tier then translates the request to the database. If the middletier server can in turn use Type1, Type 2 or Type 4 drivers.

T y p 3 e -

N e t k w o r

Type-3 Driver
It requires another server application to install and maintain. Traversing the recordset may take longer, since the data comes through the backend server.

Type-4
The Type 4 uses java networking libraries to communicate directly with the database server

JDBC Drivers
Type I Bridge ODBC Driver

ODBC

JDBC

Type II Native

CLI (.lib)

Type III Middleware

Middleware Server

Type IV Pure

Program
1. Import jdbc package.

2. Load Driver.

3. Create Connection Object.

4. Execute query.

5. Fetch your data from returned result from step 4.

6. Close Connection

Step1
import java.sql.*; class one {

Import jdbc package.

Step 2.
import java.sql.*; class one { public static void main(String arg[]) { Class.forname(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver)
} }
This is driver class. Full class name with package name.

Step 2.
import java.sql.*; class one { public static void main(String arg[]) { Class.forname(oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver)
} }
Type 4 driver.

Step 3

jdbc:odbc:dsn

// Create Connection object import java.sql.*; class one { public static void main(String arg[]) { Class.forname(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver) Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(database url,user,pwd); } }

jdbc:<sub protocol>://server_ip:port:database_name

jdbc:oracle:thin://localhost:1521:mydb

Step 4
// Create Connection object import java.sql.*; class one { public static void main(String arg[]) { Class.forname(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver) Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(database url,user,pwd); Statement stmt=con.createStatement(); }

Step 5
// Create Connection object import java.sql.*; class one { public static void main(String arg[]) { Class.forname(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver) Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(database url,user,pwd); Statement stmt=con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(select * from emp where salary=100000); } }

ResultSet

rs

rs.next() this method used to move cursor

101
102 103 104

Mahesh
Vishal Naresh Dinesh

100000
100000 100000 100000

Noida
Delhi Delhi Banglore

rs.getInt(id) rs.getString(name) rs.getDouble(salary) rs.getString(address);

Step 5

Move cursor to first row and move untill there is record in result set.

// traverse result set id from current record. Integer type Fetch import java.sql.*; class one { public static void main(String arg[]) { Class.forname(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver) Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(database url,user,pwd); Statement stmt=con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(select * from emp where salary=100000); while(rs.next()) { System.out.println( Id + rs.getInt(ID)); System.out.println(Name+rs.getString(Name)); System.out.println(Salary + rs.getDouble(salary)); System.out.println( Addres+ rs.getString(address)); } }

JDBC URLs
Way of Identifying a database Appropriate Driver recognizes it and establishes a connection Allow driver writers to encode all necessary connection information

Allow a level of indirection

Driver Manager
DriverManager class maintains a list of Driver classes Driver classes need to register with the Driver Manager Registration is done automatically by the driver when it loaded Allows Keeping Track of Available Drivers

Connecting-Talking-Processing
A Connection Object represents a connection with a database A Connection Session includes Statements executed and Results got DriverManager.getConnection() - Standard way to establish connection The method takes a string containing a URL DriverManager tries to use each of the drivers in the order of registration

Connecting-Talking-Processing
DriverManager tests the drivers by calling the Driver.connect The first driver that recognizes the URL makes the connection Mechanism for reading and writing data between Java and SQL JDBC define a set of generic SQL type identifiers Dynamic Data Access

Database Connectivity
Connect method executeQuery method CloseConnection method Middleware API

Connect method executeQuery method CloseConnection method

Middleware API

Problem

For every database we need different database API. Database api has same methods for interacting with Connect method database.
executeQuery method CloseConnection method

Middle API

API functions

Database dependant

Driver

Connect method executeQuery method CloseConnection method

API Functi on

Oracle Driver

Mysql Driver

BACK

Program to insert values

try { Class.forname(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver) Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(jdbc:odbc:system_dsn,user,pw Statement stmt=con.createStatement(); String query=insert into emp value(108,harry,20000,banglore); stmt.executeUpdate(query); } catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
} }

Executing query
boolean execute :- This method used to execute any sql statement. On successful execution it will return true otherwise false.

ResultSet executeQuery :- This method used to execute any sql statement. This method used to fetch data from databse ie. Select command.

int executeUpdate :- This method used to execute any sql statement which update databse ie. Update, insert, delete . On execution it will return number of row updated or deleted from databse.

Inserting 10 rows
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

String query=insert into emp values ( 109,mahesh,10000,ajmer); int row=stmt.executeUpdate(query); While loop 10 times Take values from user for id, name, salary and city. String query=insert into emp values ( +id+,+name+,+salary+,+city+); int rows=stmt.executeUpdate(query); End for while loop

Inserting 10 rows
PreparedStatement stmt = con.prepareStatement(insert into emp values ( ?,?,?,?)); stmt.setInt(1,109); stmt.setString(2,harry); stmt.setDouble(3,10000); stmt.setString(4,banglore); stmt.executeUpdate();

PreparedStatement
While loop 10 times Take values from user for id, name, salary and city. stmt.setInt(1,id); stmt.setString(2,name); stmt.setDouble(3,salary); stmt.setString(4,city); stmt.executeUpdate(); End for while loop

Statement

Every time query is executed all these four steps are executed.

Select * from emp where salary=10000;

1. Parse the query 2. Compile the query 3. Optimize query 4. Execute query

PreparedStatement
Select * from emp where salary=10000;

Sql query are precompiled

1. Parse the query 1-3 are executed once using preparedStatement. 2. Compile the query 3. Optimize query Query is executed again and again. 4. Execute query

Commit & Rollback

Delete one record

JDBC

Execution of each query is committed.

Transferring A to B 1000

Read amount from A Read amount from B If As amount greater than 1000

Deduct 1000 from As account Deposit 1000 in Bs account Send error msg not having sufficient money

Else

//transferring amount import java.sql.*; class one { public static void main(String arg[]) { Class.forname(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver) Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(database url,user,pwd); Statement stmt=con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(select amount from account where id=A); ResultSet rs1=stmt.executeQuery(select amount from account where id=B); rs.next(); rs1.next(); double amountA=rs.getDouble(amount); double amountB=rs1.getDouble(amount); if(amountA>1000) { amountB=amountB+1000; amountA=amountA-1000; stmt.executeQuery(update account set amount=+amountB+ where id=B); stmt.executeQuery(update account set amount=+amountA+ where id=A); } else System.out.println(Account not having sufficient money);

Transferring 1000 from A to B

Transferring 1000 from A to B

Problem : Every query is committed in database. Solution: Query not committed until all queries get executed successfully.

How to solve
Con.setAutoCommit(false); Program code here

. Con.commit();

//transferring amount import java.sql.*; class one { public static void main(String arg[]) { Class.forname(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver) Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(database url,user,pwd); con.setAutoCommit(false); Statement stmt=con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(select amount from account where id=A); ResultSet rs1=stmt.executeQuery(select amount from account where id=B); rs.next(); rs1.next(); double amountA=rs.getDouble(amount); double amountB=rs1.getDouble(amount); if(amountA>1000) { amountB=amountB+1000; amountA=amountA-1000; stmt.executeQuery(update account set amount=+amountB+ where id=B); stmt.executeQuery(update account set amount=+amountA+ where id=A); con.commit(); } else System.out.println(Account not having sufficient money);

Transferring 1000 from A to B

//transferring amount import java.sql.*; class one { public static void main(String arg[]) { Class.forname(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver) Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(database url,user,pwd); con.setAutoCommit(false); Statement stmt=con.createStatement(); ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(select amount from account where id=A); ResultSet rs1=stmt.executeQuery(select amount from account where id=B); rs.next(); rs1.next(); double amountA=rs.getDouble(amount); double amountB=rs1.getDouble(amount); amountB=amountB+1000; amountA=amountA-1000; stmt.executeQuery(update account set amount=+amountB+ where id=B); stmt.executeQuery(update account set amount=+amountA+ where id=A); if(amountA>1000) con.commit(); else con.rollback();

Transferring 1000 from A to B

Transaction
1. Deduct from As account 1000 2. Deposit in Bs account 1000

Transaction is single logical unit of work.

Transaction properties-ACID
Atomicity : either all operations get executed otherwise none of them.

Consistency : Database will be in consistent state after transaction. example: for previous example Total of A+B will be same before and after transaction. Isolation : Transaction will execute in isolation, transaction wont get affected by other transactions. Transaction in intermediate state is not visible to other transaction. Durablitity: once transaction is successfully executed, transaction will persist or not to be undone.