ICT I&te'()ti*& i& Bu+i&e++

BIG DATA FOR DUMMIES CHAPTER 11 & 12

Submitted by: SHRUTI MITTAL ( !" 2!1#$ SHILPI RAI ( !" 2!1#$
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Big Data For Dummies

Chapter 11 Appliances and Big Data Warehouses

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THE TRADITIONAL DATA WAREHO !E

T"e #ata $are"ouse $as use# %& %usi'ess (i'e a'# )i'a'*ia( a'a(&sts to "e(+ ma,e #e*isio's a%out t"e #ire*tio' o) a %usi'ess strateg&T"e +ri'*i+(es o) t"e #ata $are"ouse. $"i*" i'*(u#e# t"e )o((o$i'g *"ara*teristi*s/

It s"ou(# %e su%0e*t orie'te#It s"ou(# %e orga'i1e# so t"at re(ate# e2e'ts are (i',e# toget"erT"e i')ormatio' s"ou(# %e 'o'2o(ati(e so t"at it *a''ot %e i'a#2erte't(& *"a'ge#-

I')ormatio' i' t"e $are"ouse s"ou(# i'*(u#e a(( t"e a++(i*a%(e o+eratio'a( sour*es- T"e i')ormatio' s"ou(# %e store# i' a $a& t"at "as *o'siste't #e)i'itio's a'# t"e most u+3to3#ate 2a(ues12/07/13 Big Data For Dummies

O4TI5I6ING THE DATA WAREHO !E

Data $are"ouses "a2e tra#itio'a((& su++orte# stru*ture# #ata a'# "a2e %ee' *(ose(& tie# to t"e o+eratio'a( a'# tra'sa*tio'a( s&stems o) t"e e'ter+rise-

It is a s&stem o) re*or# )or %usi'ess i'te((ige'*e. mu*" (i,e a *ustomer re(atio's"i+ ma'ageme't 78R59 s&stem or a' a**ou'ti'g s&stem-

T"ese s&stems are "ig"(& stru*ture# a'# o+timi1e# )or s+e*i)i* +ur+oses a'# re*or# te'# to %e "ig"(& *e'tra(i1e#-

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E:A5INING A H;BRID 4RO8E!! 8A!E !T D;

A #ata $are"ouse is use# %& t"e *om+a'& to tra*, its tra'sa*tio's a'# o+eratio'a( #ata- Ho$e2er. t"e #ata $are"ouse #oes 'ot ,ee+ tra*, o) $e% tra))i*- !o. t"e *om+a'& use# $e% a'a(&ti*s so(utio's to *a+ture *ustomer i'tera*tio'sTo ,ee+ as mu*" o) t"is #ata as +ossi%(e to u'#ersta'# t"e *"a'ges a'# 'ua'*es o) t"e %usi'ess- T"e i')ormatio' ma'ageme't team #e*i#e# t"at rat"er t"a' %ui(#i'g a *ustomi1e# #ata $are"ouse to store t"is #ata. it $ou(# (e2erage a Ha#oo+ #istri%ute# *om+uti'g a++roa*" %ase# o' *ommo#it& ser2ersNo$ t"e *om+a'& *a' store# t"e #ata a*ross a 2ast arra& o) ser2ers ru''i'g Ha#oo+ a'# 5a+Re#u*eB& usi'g Le2eragi'g too(s su*" as F(ume a'# !<oo+. t"e team is a%(e to mo2e #ata i'to a'# out o) Ha#oo+ a'# +us" it i'to a re(atio'a( mo#e( so t"at it *a' %e <uerie# $it" )ami(iar !=L too(sT"e *om+a'& is 'o$ a%(e to *"a'ge its %usi'ess o))eri'gs <ui*,(& a'# t"e #ata remai's i' t"e Ha#oo+ )rame$or, e'2iro'me't a'# is u+#ate# i' 'ear rea( time- Ot"er #ata e(eme'ts are *(ea'se# a'# t"e' are mo2e# i'to t"e #ata $are"ouse so t"at t"e #ata is use# to *om+are t"e "istori*a( i')ormatio' a%out *ustomers a'# +art'ers to " t"e 'e$ #ata12/07/13 Big Data For Dummies

T"e e>isti'g $are"ouse +ro2i#es t"e *o'te>t )or t"e %usi'ess $"i(e t"e Ha#oo+ e'2iro'me't tra*,s $"at is "a++e'i'g o' a mi'ute3to3mi'ute %asisT"e *om%i'atio' o) t"e s&stem3o)3re*or# a++roa*" $it" t"e #ata $are"ouse $it" t"e #&'ami* %ig #ata s&stem +ro2i#es a treme'#ous o++ortu'it& )or t"e *om+a'& to *o'ti'ue to e2o(2e its %usi'ess %ase# o' a'a(&1i'g t"e massi2e amou't o) #ata ge'erate# %& its $e% e'2iro'me'ts-

T"is #e+i*ts a' a++roa*" to "&%ri#i1i'g tra#itio'a( a'# %ig #ata $are"ousi'g-

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BIG DATA ANAL;!I! AND THE DATA WAREHO !E

To )i'# 2a(ue i' %ri'gi'g t"e *a+a%i(ities o) t"e #ata $are"ouse a'# t"e %ig #ata e'2iro'me't toget"er- $e 'ee# to *reate a "&%ri# e'2iro'me't $"ere %ig #ata *a' $or, "a'# i' "a'# $it" t"e #ata $are"ouse

First it is im+orta't to re*og'i1e t"at t"e #ata $are"ouse as it is #esig'e# to#a& $i(( 'ot *"a'ge i' t"e s"ort term-

T"e $are"ouse mig"t i'*(u#e i')ormatio' a%out a +arti*u(ar *om+a'&?s +ro#u*t (i'e. its *ustomers. its su++(iers. a'# t"e #etai(s o) a &ear?s $ort" o) tra'sa*tio's-

T"e i')ormatio' ma'age# i' t"e #ata $are"ouse or a #e+artme'ta( #ata mart "as %ee' *are)u((& *o'stru*te# so t"at meta#ata is a**urate-

Wit" t"e gro$t" o) 'e$ $e%3%ase# i')ormatio'. it is +ra*ti*a( a'# o)te'

# 'e*essar& to a'a(&1e t"is massi2e amou't o) #ata i' *o'te>t $it" "istori*a(

#ata-

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Big Data For Dummies

The data warehouse with big data can be relatively easy. For example, many of the big data sources come from sources that include their own well-designed metadata. Therefore, when conducting analysis between the warehouse and the big data source, The information management organization is working with two data sets with carefully designed metadata models that have to be rationalized. Before an analyst can combine the historical transactional data with the less structured big data, work has to be done. n the process of analysis, it is !ust as important to eliminate unnecessary data as it is to identify data relevant to the business context. n this way, when the big data is combined with traditional, historical data from the warehouse, the results will be accurate and meaningful.

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T"# $T#%&'T ($ )*$+", $

T"e #ata i'tegratio' is a *riti*a( e(eme't o) ma'agi'g %ig #ata. it is e<ua((& im+orta't $"e' *reati'g a "&%ri# a'a(&sis $it" t"e #ata $are"ouse-

T"e +ro*ess o) e>tra*ti'g #ata a'# tra's)ormi'g it i' a "&%ri# e'2iro'me't is 2er& simi(ar to "o$ t"is +ro*ess is e>e*ute# $it"i' a tra#itio'a( #ata $are"ouse-

T"e #ata is e>tra*te# )rom tra#itio'a( sour*e s&stems su*" as 8R5 or ER4 s&stems- It is *riti*a( t"at e(eme'ts )rom t"ese 2arious s&stems %e *orre*t(& mat*"e#!
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RETHI12I1G E3TRACTIO14 TRA1SFORMATIO14 A1D LOADI1G

The extracted files which must be transformed to match the business rules and processes of the sub!ect area that the data warehouse is designed to analyze. The sources which have to be transformed so that they are helpful in analyzing the relationship between the historical data and the more dynamic and real-time data. )oading information in the big data model will be different than what we would expect in a traditional data warehousing model. n the data warehouse, after data has been codified, it is never changed.

-hen creating a hybrid of the traditional data warehouse and the big data environment, the distributed nature of the big data environment can dramatically change the capability of organizations to analyze huge volumes of data in context with the business.
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8HANGING THE ROLE OF THE DATA WAREHO !E

To t"i', a%out t"e simi(arities a'# #i))ere'*es %et$ee' t"e $a& #ata is ma'age# i' t"e tra#itio'a( #ata $are"ouse a'# $"e' t"e $are"ouse is *om%i'e# $it" %ig #ata-

!imi(arities %et$ee' t"e t$o #ata ma'ageme't/

Re<uireme'ts )or *ommo' #ata #e)i'itio'sRe<uireme'ts to e>tra*t a'# tra's)orm ,e& #ata sour*esT"e 'ee# to *o')orm to re<uire# %usi'ess +ro*esses a'# ru(es-

.ifferences between the traditional data warehouse/

The distributed computing model of big data will be essential to allowing the hybrid model to be operational. The big data analysis will be the primary focus of the efforts, while the traditional data warehouse will be used to add historical and transactional business context.
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+"'$% $% .#,)(*0#$T 0(.#)1 $ T"# B % .'T' #&'

The appliance model
-hen companies need to combine their data warehouse structure with big data, the appliance model can be one answer to the problem of scaling. Typically, the appliance is an integrated system that incorporates hardware 2typically in a rack3 that is optimized for data storage and management.

The cloud model

The cloud is becoming a compelling platform to manage big data and can be used in a hybrid environment with on-premises environments. 1ome of the new innovations in loading and transferring data are already changing the potential viability of the cloud as a big data warehousing platform12
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EXAMINING THE !T!"E # DATA WA"EH#!$E$

.ata warehouses and data marts will continue to be optimized for business analysis. "owever, a new generation of offerings will combine historical and highly structured data stores with different stages of big data stores. First, big data stores will provide the capability to analyze huge volumes of data in near real time. 1econd, a big data store will take the results of an analysis and provide a mechanism to match the metadata of the big data analysis to the re4uirements of the data warehouse.

112/07/13 Big Data For Dummies

Chapter 1% De&ining Big Data Anal'sis

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Bi' D)t) A&)5yti6+

Big #ata is massi2e a'# mess&- T"ese *"ara*teristi*s +ose a +ro%(em )or #ata storage a'# +ro*essi'g8om+a'ies (i,e Ama1o' a'# Goog(e are masters at a'a(&1i'g %ig #ata @ t"e& use t"e resu(ti'g ,'o$(e#ge to gai' a *om+etiti2e a#2a'tage-

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U+i&' Bi' D)t) t* Get Re+u5t+

W"e' it *omes to a'a(&ti*s. &ou mig"t *o'si#er a ra'ge o) +ossi%(e ,i'#s. as gi2e' i' t"e )o((o$i'g ta%(e/
A&)5y+i+ Ty7e B)+i6 )&)5yti6+ i&+i'9t De+6(i7ti*& 8*( !(i*i'g a'# #i*i'g o) #ata. re+orti'g. sim+(e 2isua(i1atio's. %asi* mo'itori'g5ore *om+(e> a'a(&sis su*" as +re#i*ti2e mo#e((i'g a'# ot"er +atter'3mat*"i'g te*"'i<uesA'a(&ti*s %e*ome +art o) t"e %usi'ess +ro*essA'a(&ti*s are uti(i1e# to #ire*t(& #ri2e re2e'ue1/
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Ad:)&6ed )&)5yti6+ 8*( I&+i'9t O7e()ti*&)5i;ed )&)5yti6+ M*&eti;ed )&)5yti6+

Big Data For Dummies

B)+i6 A&)5yti6+
Basi* a'a(&ti*s *a' %e use# to e>+(ore &our #ata. i) &ou?re 'ot sure $"at &ou "a2e. %ut &ou t"i', somet"i'g is o) 2a(ueT"is mig"t i'*(u#e sim+(e 2isua(i1atio's or sim+(e statisti*sBasi* a'a(&sis is o)te' use# $"e' &ou "a2e (arge amou'ts o) #is+arate #ataHere are some e>am+(es/ AS5i6i&' )&d di6i&': Slicing and dicing re)ers to %rea,i'g
#o$' &our #ata i'to sma((er sets o) #ata t"at are easier to e>+(ore1# AB)+i6 m*&it*(i&': ;ou mig"t a(so $a't to mo'itor (arge Big Data For 12/07/13 2o(umes o) #ata i' rea( time- T"is $ou(# +ro#u*e a "uge Dummies

Ad:)&6ed A&)5yti6+
It +ro2i#es a(gorit"ms )or *om+(e> stru*ture# or u'stru*ture# #ataa'a(&sis o) eit"er

It i'*(u#es so+"isti*ate# statisti*a( mo#e(s. ma*"i'e (ear'i'g. 'eura( 'et$or,s. te>t a'a(&ti*s a'# ot"er a#2a'*e# #ata mi'i'g te*"'i<uesAmo'g its ma'& use *ases. a#2a'*e# a'a(&ti*s *a' %e #e+(o&e# to )i'# +atter's i' #ata. +re#i*tio'. )ore*asti'g. a'# *om+(e> e2e't +ro*essi'gBusi'esses rea(i1e t"at %etter i'sig"ts *a' +ro2i#e a su+erior *om+etiti2e +ositio'- 8om+a'ies are +us"i'g to$ar# uti(i1i'g a#2a'*e# a'a(&ti*s as +art o) t"eir #e*isio'3ma,i'g +ro*ess10
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Big Data For Dummies

Here are a )e$ e>am+(es o) a#2a'*e# a'a(&ti*s )or %ig #ata/ P(edi6ti:e m*de55i&': A +re#i*ti2e mo#e( is a statisti*a( or #ata mi'i'g so(utio' *o'sisti'g o) a(gorit"ms a'# te*"'i<ues t"at *a' %e use# o' %ot" stru*ture# a'# u'stru*ture# #ata 7toget"er or i'#i2i#ua((&9 to #etermi'e )uture out*omesTe<t )&)5yti6+: 'stru*ture# #ata is su*" a %ig +art o) %ig #ata. so te>t a'a(&ti*s B t"e +ro*ess o) a'a(&1i'g u'stru*ture# te>t. e>tra*ti'g re(e2a't i')ormatio'. a'# tra's)ormi'g it i'to stru*ture# i')ormatio'Ot9e( +t)ti+ti6)5 )&d d)t)=mi&i&' )5'*(it9m+: T"is ma& i'*(u#e a#2a'*e# )ore*asti'g. o+timi1atio'. *(uster a'a(&sis )or segme'tatio' or e2e' mi*ro segme'tatio'. or a))i'it& a'a(&sis1!
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Big Data For Dummies

>9)t i+ D)t) Mi&i&'?

Data mi'i'g i'2o(2es e>+(ori'g a'# a'a(&1i'g (arge amou'ts o) #ata to )i'# +atter's i' t"at #ata- Ge'era((&. t"e goa( o) t"e #ata mi'i'g is eit"er *(assi)i*atio' or +re#i*tio'AI' *(assi)i*atio'. t"e i#ea is to sort #ata i'to grou+s- For
e>am+(e. a mar,eter mig"t %e i'tereste# i' t"e *"ara*teristi*s o) t"ose $"o res+o'#e# 2ersus $"o #i#'?t res+o'# to a +romotio'-

AI' +re#i*tio'. t"e i#ea is to +re#i*t t"e 2a(ue o) a *o'ti'uous

2aria%(e- For e>am+(e. a mar,eter mig"t %e i'tereste# i' +re#i*ti'g t"ose $"o will res+o'# to a +romotio'-

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Big Data For Dummies

D)t) Mi&i&'
T&+i*a( a(gorit"ms use# i' #ata mi'i'g i'*(u#e t"e )o((o$i'g/

AC5)++i8i6)ti*& t(ee+: A +o+u(ar #ata mi'i'g te*"'i<ue t"at is

use# to *(assi)& a #e+e'#e't *ategori*a( 2aria%(e %ase# o' measureme'ts o) o'e or more +re#i*tor 2aria%(es- T"e resu(t is a tree $it" 'o#es a'# (i',s %et$ee' t"e 'o#es t"at *a' %e rea# to )orm i)3 t"e' ru(es-

AL*'i+ti6 (e'(e++i*&: A statisti*a( te*"'i<ue t"at is a 2aria't o)

sta'#ar# regressio' %ut e>te'#s t"e *o'*e+t to #ea( $it" *(assi)i*atio'- It +ro#u*es a )ormu(a t"at +re#i*ts t"e +ro%a%i(it& o) t"e o**urre'*e as a )u'*tio' o) t"e i'#e+e'#e't 2aria%(es-

A1eu()5 &et@*(A+: T"e 'et$or, *o'sists o) i'+ut 'o#es. "i##e'

(a&ers. a'# out+ut 'o#es- Ea*" o) t"e u'its is assig'e# a $eig"t- Data is gi2e' to t"e i'+ut 'o#e. a'# %& a s&stem o) tria( a'# error. t"e a(gorit"m a#0usts t"e $eig"ts u'ti( it meets a *ertai' sto++i'g *riteria12/07/13

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Big Data For Dummies

O7e()ti*&)5i;ed )&)5yti6+
W"e' &ou o+eratio'a(i1e a'a(&ti*s. &ou ma,e t"em +art o) a %usi'ess +ro*ess- For e>am+(e. statisti*ia's at a' i'sura'*e *om+a'& mig"t %ui(# a mo#e( t"at +re#i*ts t"e (i,e(i"oo# o) a *(aim %ei'g )rau#u(e't T"e mo#e(. a(o'g $it" some #e*isio' ru(es. *ou(# %e i'*(u#e# i' t"e *om+a'&?s *(aims3+ro*essi'g s&stem to )(ag *(aims $it" a "ig" +ro%a%i(it& o) )rau#- T"ese *(aims $ou(# %e se't to a' i'2estigatio' u'it )or )urt"er re2ie$-

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Big Data For Dummies

M*&eti;i&' A&)5yti6+
A'a(&ti*s *a' %e use# to o+timi1e &our %usi'ess to *reate %etter #e*isio's a'# #ri2e %ottom3 a'# to+3(i'e re2e'ueHo$e2er. %ig #ata a'a(&ti*s *a' a(so %e use# to #eri2e re2e'ue a%o2e a'# %e&o'# t"e i'sig"ts it +ro2i#es 0ust )or &our o$' #e+artme't or *om+a'&For e>am+(e. *re#it *ar# +ro2i#ers ta,e t"e #ata t"e& assem%(e to o))er 2a(ue3a##e# a'a(&ti*s +ro#u*ts- Li,e$ise. $it" )i'a'*ia( i'stitutio's- Te(e*ommu'i*atio's *om+a'ies are %egi''i'g to se(( (o*atio'3%ase# i'sig"ts to retai(ers- T"e i#ea is t"at 2arious sour*es o) #ata. su*" as %i((i'g #ata. (o*atio' #ata. te>t3messagi'g #ata. or $e%3%ro$si'g #ata *a' %e use# toget"er or se+arate(& to ma,e i')ere'*es a%out *ustomer %e"a2ior +atter's t"at retai(ers $ou(# )i'# use)u(212/07/13

Big Data For Dummies

M*di8yi&' Bu+i&e++ I&te55i'e&6e P(*du6t+ t* H)&d5e Bi' D)t)

Tra#itio'a( %usi'ess i'te((ige'*e +ro#u*ts $ere'?t rea((& #esig'e# to "a'#(e %ig #ata- T"e& $ere #esig'e# to $or, $it" "ig"(& stru*ture#. $e((3u'#erstoo# #ata. o)te' store# i' a re(atio'a( #ata re+ositor& a'# #is+(a&e# o' &our #es,to+ or (a+to+ *om+uterT"is tra#itio'a( %usi'ess i'te((ige'*e a'a(&sis is t&+i*a((& a++(ie# to s'a+s"ots o) #ata rat"er t"a' t"e e'tire amou't o) #ata a2ai(a%(e-

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Big Data For Dummies

M*di8yi&' Bu+i&e++ I&te55i'e&6e P(*du6t+ t* H)&d5e Bi' D)t)

Big #ata *o'sists o) stru*ture#. semi3stru*ture#. a'# u'stru*ture# #ata- ;ou o)te' "a2e a (ot o) it. a'# it *a' %e <uite *om+(e>- W"e' &ou t"i', a%out a'a(&1i'g it. &ou 'ee# to %e a$are o) t"e +ote'tia( *"ara*teristi*s o) &our #ata/ AIt 6)& 6*me 8(*m u&t(u+ted +*u(6e+4 T"e i'tegrit& o) t"is #ata 'ee#s to %e *o'si#ere# i' t"e a'a(&sisAIt 6)& be di(ty% Dirt& #ata re)ers to i'a**urate. i'*om+(ete. or erro'eous #ataAT9e +i'&)5=t*=&*i+e ()ti* 6)& be 5*@% I' ot"er $or#s. t"e sig'a( 7usa%(e i')ormatio'9 ma& o'(& %e a ti'& +er*e't o) t"e #ataC t"e 'oise is t"e restAIt 6)& be (e)5=time% I' ma'& *ases. &ou?(( %e tr&i'g to a'a(&1e rea(3time #ata streams12/07/13

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Big Data For Dummies

A&)5yti6)5 A5'*(it9m+
W"e' &ou?re *o'si#eri'g %ig #ata a'a(&ti*s. &ou 'ee# to %e a$are t"at $"e' &ou e>+a'# %e&o'# t"e #es,to+. t"e a(gorit"ms &ou use o)te' 'ee# to %e refactored, changing the internal code without affecting its external functioning. De'#ors are starti'g to o))er a 'e$ %ree# o) a'a(&ti*s #esig'e# to %e +(a*e# *(ose to t"e %ig #ata sour*es to a'a(&1e #ata i' +(a*e rat"er t"a' )irst "a2i'g to store it a'# t"e' a'a(&1e itT"is a++roa*" o) ru''i'g a'a(&ti*s *(oser to t"e #ata sour*es mi'imi1es t"e amou't o) store# #ata %& retai'i'g o'(& t"e "ig"32a(ue #ata- It is a(so e'a%(es &ou to a'a(&1e t"e #ata soo'er. (oo,i'g )or ,e& e2e'ts. $"i*" is *riti*a( )or rea(3time 2/ #e*isio' ma,i'g12/07/13

Big Data For Dummies

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12/07/13

Big Data For Dummies

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It +ro2i#es $ire(ess *ommu'i*atio' #e2i*es a'# ser2i*es- Its %ig #ata a'a(&ti*s ser2i*e i'*(u#es a mu(ti+eta%&te +(at)orm t"at e>e*utes o2er te's o) t"ousa'#s o) 0o%s ea*" #a&- T"is i'*(u#es uti(i1i'g a#2a'*e# a'a(&ti*s o2er tera%&tes o) streami'g #ata-

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12/07/13

Big Data For Dummies

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12/07/13 Big Data For Dummies

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12/07/13 Big Data For Dummies