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Primary Scaling Techniques

it describes about various primary scaling techniques i.e nominal,ordinal,interval & ratio scales with live examples.

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kkhushi85
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618 views

Primary Scaling Techniques

it describes about various primary scaling techniques i.e nominal,ordinal,interval & ratio scales with live examples.

Uploaded by

kkhushi85
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation on ….

scaling
techniques
(primary)

presented by:
Khushboo Chaudhary

MBA/ 4505/ 08
Scaling
• scaling is the branch of measurement that involves
the construction of an instrument that associates
qualitative constructs with quantitative metric
units.
• Scaling describes the procedures of assigning no. to
various degrees of opinion, attitude & other
concepts.
• scaling is the extension of measurement.
• It is the process of placing the respondents on
continuum.
Types of measurement scales
• Nominal scale
• Ordinal scale
• Interval scale
• Ratio scale
Nominal scale
• Scale assigns number symbols to events in order to label them.
• Order is of no consequence.
• Describes differences between the things by assigning them to
categories.
• Used for keeping track of people, objects, events, no statistical
manipulation possible.
• Measure of central tendency- Mode
• Test of statistical significance- Chi square
• Least powerful measurement – no arithmetic origin, order or
distance relationship.
Examples of nominal scale
1. Code no. Assigned to male – 1
code no. assigned to female – 2
2. Code no. assigned to different subjects:
science – 1
commerce – 2
Arts – 3
3. Code no. assigned for america- 1
for dubai– 2
for canada - 3
Ordinal scale
• Places events in order.
• Ranking of items from highest to lowest.
• Categories have logical or ordered relationship.
• More precise comparisons are not possible.
• No absolute values.
• Measure of central tendency – Median
• Measure of statistical significance – non-
parametric methods
• Used in qualitative research.
Examples of ordinal scale
Ex.1. Rank the following soft drinks acc. To
how much u like it.
Ex.2. Rank the following T.V. serials
according to your preference.
Ex. 3.Rank the following brands of
toothpaste acc. To your preference.
Ex. 4. Rank the following brands of
cosmetics acc. To your preference.
Interval scale
• Scale that adjusts intervals in such a way that
a rule can be established as a basis for making
the units equal.
• Numbers are used to rank attributes
• It can have an arbitrary zero, but not absolute
zero (unique origin)
• Measure of central tendency – Mean
• Measure of statistical significance – standard
deviation
• ‘ t ‘ and ‘ f ‘ test for significance.
Examples of Interval Scales
Ex.1.Indicate your score on concerned
blank& circle the appropriate number
on each line.
Ex.2. Indicate your score on concerned blank
& circle the appropriate number on each
line.
Example in semantic format
Ex.3. Please indicate your views on the
features of toothpaste by scoring them
on a five points scale from 1 to 5
Ratio scale
• Ratio scale have an absolute or true
zero of measurement & represents the
actual amount of variables.
• Highest level of measurement scale.
• Most precise scale.
• Measures of central tendency –
Geometric & Harmonic Mean.
• Coefficient of variation may also
calculated.
Examples of ratio scale
Ex.1. If you would have given Rs. 10000
then how would you like to spend your
money on following retail formats.
2. If you would have given Rs. 500 then
how would you like to spend your
money on purchasing following
soaps?
conclusion
Relevant information is obtained
increasingly from nominal to ratio
scale. If the nature of the variables
permits, the researcher should use the
scale that provides the most precise
description.

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