ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

LIFTING AND R IGGING

OP ERATIO NS

09/24/09 1
LI FTING AND RIGGIN G OPER AT ION S
PR ELIMI NARY LIFT IN G O PERAT IO NS’
VERIFI CA TIO N:
• Wei ght eva lu at ion
• Sling lif ting point
• Cr an es li fting cap aci ty ( di ag rams and li fting
char t )
• Wei ght ripa rtit ion (bar ice nt er conce pt )
• Sling lif ting point
WEI GHT SLIN GING VERIFI CAT IO N:
• Liftin g ge ar cap acit y
• Use of so ft mat er ial s be twee n sh arp
ed ge an d th e sli ng
09/24/09 2
 LIFT ING AND RI GGING
OPE RAT IONS
EQUI PME NT SAF ET Y MAIN TEN ANC E
ASSESSME NT

09/24/09 3
 RECO MM ENDE D S LING ANGLE

09/24/09 4
 SLINGI NG AN D LIF TI NG O F
LOAD S

09/24/09 5
 LIFTING OPE RATI ONS
PREL IMI NARY VERIF ICA TI ON:

• Pr es en ce of ma ter ia ls n ot secu re d

• Pay at ten tion to t he po sit ions of han ds &

fee t

• Knowle dg e of co nv en tiona l crane sig nal

• Th e wei gh t mu st be free from obs tr uct io n

an d not co nnect ed to the gro un d
09/24/09 6
 LIFTING OPE RATI ONS
PREL IMI NARY VERIF ICA TI ON:

• Pr es en ce of obst acles in the dir ect ion of the

li fting .

• Keep the we ig ht cl ose to th e gr ound lev el .

• Th e cha in s or sl ings are to be free from

obs tacle s

• Ta g co ntrolli ng lin e mu st be use d.

09/24/09 7
 LIFTING OPE RATI ONS
PREL IMI NARY VERIF ICA TI ON:

• Ho rse pl ay or st an di ng on li fted wei gh t is

forbid de n.

• Th e cra ne oper at or mu st follow the ba nks

man in dicati on dur ing the lif tin g o pe rat io ns .

09/24/09 8
 LIF TIN G O PER ATI ONS
SHIF TI NG OF LOA D

09/24/09 9
SL INGING AND LOAD ’S LIFTING

09/24/09 10
 CH OKER HI TCH
•TH E CH OKER HITCH
IS OFT EN USED WHE N
GRIPPI NG THE LOAD &
WILL IMPR OVE LOA D
CO NTROL .TH E
THE CAP ACI TY
OF A CH OKER CAPAC ITY OF A
HITCH I S CHOK ER HITCH IS
75%TO 80% OF BAS ED ON THE HITCH
THE SI NG LE
LEG.
BEING PROPER LY
FO RMED. IN OTH ER
CHAI N, WIR E
RO PE AND
FO R THE FU LL CHOK ER
SY NTHE TIC CAPAC ITY TO BE
SL INGS AR E AV AIL AB LE, THE
AFFE CTED
AN GLE OF CHO KE FO R
AL L TYPE OF SLI NGS
SH OULD BE AT L EAST
120 °
09/24/09 11
 LIFTING OPE RATI ONS
PREL IMI NARY VERIF ICA TI ON:

• pr es en ce of obs tr ucti on in th e work in g ar ea.

• wei gh t lan di ng area cl ear ly def in ed .

• do n’t ke ep th e lo ad su spe nded .

• go od sta ckin g posi ti on ( pi pe ).

• slo wly rai se the we ig ht .

09/24/09 12
 LIF TIN G OPE RATIO NS
LOWERIN G OF LOAD S

09/24/09 13
 CAL CU LATIO N OF MATE RIALS ’
WEIGH T

09/24/09 14
 CAL CU LATIO N OF MATE RIALS ’
WEIGH T

09/24/09 15
 CAL CU LATIO N OF MATE RIALS ’
WEIGH T
CONVENTIONAL WEIGHT OF MATERIALS

MATERIALS MEASURAMENT UNIT WEIGHT IN KG.

STEEL ONE CUBIC METER 7600 - 8100 KG.

WATER AT 4 DEGREE C' ONE CUBIC METER 1000 KG.

ASBESTOS ONE CUBIC METER 2100 - 2800 KG.

BRONZE ONE CUBIC METER 7500 - 8300 KG.

CONCRETE ONE CUBIC METER 2200 - 2500 KG.

ALLUMINIUM ONE CUBIC METER 2800 KG.

IRON ONE CUBIC METER 7400 - 7900 KG.

CAST IRON ONE CUBIC METER 7000 - 7800 KG.

WOOD ONE CUBIC METER 760 - 950 KG.

NICHEL ONE CUBIC METER 8900 - 9200 KG.

BRASS ONE CUBIC METER 8500 - 8600 KG.

STONE ONE CUBIC METER 3000 KG.

LEAD ONE CUBIC METER 11200 - 11300 KG.

COPPER ONE CUBIC METER 8600 - 8900 KG.

SAND ONE CUBIC METER 2000 KG.

TIN ONE CUBIC METER 7300 - 7500 KG.

ZINC ONE CUBIC METER 7200 KG.

09/24/09 16
CEN TER O F GRAVITY AND S LING
LO AD ING
WHE N LI FTIN G
VER TI CALL Y,TH E L OAD
WILL BE SHARE D EQU ALL Y
SL ING 1 SLING 2
IF, THE CE NTRE OF
GRAVITY IS PL ACE D
EQU AL LY B /W TH E PICK
POI NTS .I F THE W EI GHT O F
TH E LO AD IS 10000K g,
1000 0kg TH EN EACH SLING W ILL
HAV E A LOA D OF 5000K g.
EACH SH ACK LE A ND EYE
BOL T WILL AL SO HAVE A
D1 =5m LOAD OF 5000K g.
D2 =5m

09/24/09 17
CENTE R OF GRAVITY AN D S LI NG
LO AD ING
TH E LO CATIO N
OF TH E CE NTR E
SL ING 1 SL ING 2
OF G RAV ITY
REL AT IVE TO THE
PI CK PO IN TS I S A
VER Y IMPORT ANT
1000 0kg
CO NSIDERATIO N

D1=5 m
D2=5 m

09/24/09 18
CEN TER O F GRAVITY AND S LING
LO AD ING
WHEN THE CE NT RE OF GRAV ITY IS
NO T EQ UAL LY SPACE D B/W THE
PICK POIN TS, THE SLING S AND
SL ING 2 FI TTINGS WI LL NOT CA RR Y AN
SL ING 1
EQ UA L SHAR E OF THE LOAD . THE
SLING CO NNECT ED TO THE PICK
POINT CLOSES T TO THE CEN TRE OF
GR AV ITY WI LL CARRY THE
GR EA TES T SHA RE OF THE LO AD.
1000 0kg
SLING 2 IS CLO SES T TO C.O.G ,IT
WIL L HAVE THE GRE AT EST SHARE
OF LOA D:
SLING 2=1 0000 X 8/(8 +2)=8 000kg
D1 =8m D2 =2m
SLING 1=1 0000 X 2/(8 +2)=2 000kg

09/24/09 19
 THE RIGGING TR IANGLE AND
TH E WO RKING LO AD L IMI TS O F
RI GGING GEAR
IN MOST LIFT S, ONL Y A SI NGL E
ALL A DD TO
180 DEGR EES HOOK IS AVA IL ABLE. THIS
MEANS TH AT MU LT IPL E LEG
SL INGS MU ST BE C OL LECT ED
AT T HE LOAD HOOK. W HEN
THIS IS DONE, WE FOR M WHAT
INC LUDED
WE CALL A R IGGING T RIANGLE.
ANGL E
THE INCLU DED A NGL E IS
VE R TICAL
SL IN G
AN G LE
CHE CKED FOR PR OPE R
CONNEC TI ON OF HOIST HOOK
OR C OL LECT OR RING. THE
HOR IZON TA L
SLI NG ANG LE
HOR IZON TA L
SLI NG ANG LE
SL ING ANGLE MUST BE KNO WN
TO PR OPER LY SE LECT SL INGS
AND FIT TINGS AT T HE LOA D
LO AD CONNEC TI ON.

09/24/09 20
TH E RI GGING TRIAN GLE BAS IC
FACTS
WHE N
SID E LO ADIN G CA N OC CU R AT LO AD. CO LECTE D AT
SLI NG LEN GT H AFFE CT S HOR IZO NT AL TH E HOO K OR
SLI NG ANG LE . CO LL ECTOR
30° VERT ICAL SLING ANG LE IS BES T, RING, SLI NGS
60° IS WOR ST. PLA CE A SID E
AS VERT IC AL SLING ANG LE BEC OMES LO AD ON TH E
LARG ER , THE LO AD IS “C RUS HED ” EYE BO LT OR
AND SLI NGS WO RK HA RD ER .
LI FTIN G PO IN T
THE FIT TING S AT LOAD CON NEC TION
AT THE LOAD .
SEE SAM E LOAD AS SLI NG.

09/24/09 21
 THE RIGGI NG T RIANGLE 30
DE GREE VERTICAL S LI NG ANGLE

YOU HAVE A 30° (OR AS THE SLI NG

SMA LLE R) VERT ICA L SLI NG
AN GLE WHEN:
LENGTH IS
LE NGTH OF SLI NG (IN CLUDE S SH ORTE NED,
SHAC KLE) IS EQUA L TO OR
LENG TH OF
LO NGER THAN DI ST ANCE TH E VERTI CAL
SL ING
BET WEEN PI CK POI NT S SLI NG AN GLE IS
INCR EASE D A S
TH E SLIN G
LENGTH IS
TAP E
INCR EASE D, THE
SLI NG AN GLE IS
DECRE ASE D.
DIS TAN CE BETW EE N PICK POI NTS

09/24/09 22
THE INCLUDE D A NGLE HOIST
HOOK S
DO NO T EX CEED 9 0
DEG REE S.

TH E W ORK ING NEV ER FO UL THE

LOAD DEP ENDS O N
IT AND THE S LINGS LATCH OF A NY
SI T IN THE BASE HOO K, CA RE MU ST
OF THE HOO K AN D
CLEAR OF TH E BE TAKEN WHE N
LAT CH . PL ACI NG SLING S
INTO HOOK .
NEV ER “FO UL” A
INCLUDE D
ANG LE : 90
DEGR EE S
LATCH BY
MA XIMUM
AL LO WING THE
SLI NG TO BEAR
AG AIN ST TH E
LATCH .

09/24/09 23
 THE V ERTI CAL SLING ANGLE
LO AD MULTIPLIER
EAC H SLING
AS THE VER TIC AL
SEES 1/2 OF SLI NG AN GLE BECO MES
WEI GHT .
GREATE R, TH E SLINGS
PL US
CR USHING
AN D FITTIN GS AT TH E
LOA D LOAD CO NNECTI ON
WORK HARDER . THE
SLI NGS A LSO PL ACE
MOR E CR US HIN G
FO RCE ON THE LOAD .

AS VER TI CAL SLING A NG LE BECOMES

LAR GE R, THE CR US HING LOAD GOES UP.

09/24/09 24
 TH E VE RTICAL S LING ANGLE
LO AD MULTIP LIER
ANG LE GR EA TER AS
THE SLI NG ANGL E
SLI NG LOA D= VER TICA L LOAD X FAC TOR APRO AC HES
60°,THE
MUL TIPLI ER
30° 45° 60° 80° INC RE AS ES
SIGNI FI CAN TLY.
1.155 1.414 2.0 5.789 ABOV E 60° THE
(1.2) (1.4) (2) (6) MUL TIPLI ER
INC RE AS ES EVEN
SLI NG LOA D= VER TICA L LOAD X L/H MORE
DRA MAT ICAL LY.
NE VER ALL OW A
VERT ICAL SLING
THA N 60°.

10 30 45 60 DEGREES
09/24/09 25
 TH E VE RTICAL S LING ANGLE L/H
AN D LO AD MULTIPLI ER
IN THE RIG GING
TR IAN GLE, IF YO U TAKE
TH E LEN GTH O F THE
SLI NG,( BEARING POINT
L
TO BEARIN G PO IN T) AN D
H DIVID E BY THE DROP, YO U
HAV E THE LO AD
MU LTI PLIER.

L/H = LO AD MULT IP LI ER

09/24/09 26
 MEAS UR E TH E VERTICAL S LING
ANGLE B Y USE OF L/ H
TH E US E O F L /H
OFFER S US
L SE VER AL TOOL S
TH AT CAN BE
USE D IN RIG GING.
TH E MOST BASI C
H
TOO L IS TH AT TH E
SLI NG AN GLE CAN
BE MEAS URE D BY
USE OF A TAPE
IF L/H VE RTI CA AN GLE
MEASU RE.
1. 15 5 (1. 2) 30 DEGREES
1. 41 4 (1. 4) 45 DEGREES
2 60 DEGREES

09/24/09 27
 CALCULATE TH E LO AD IN EACH
LEG BY U SE OF L/H
A MOR E POWERFU L
TOO L I S THE USE OF L/H
L TO CAL CU LATE TH E
H
LOAD IN EACH SLING
LEG AN D I N TH E
FI TTI NG A T TH E L OAD
CO NNECTI ON .
10000 kg REM EM BER TH AT TH E
IF L/H T HE N LO AD LOAD MULTIPL IER
1.2 1.2 X INCR EASE THE VE RTI CAL
5000 =6 000 kg
1.4 1.4 X
LOAD (THE LO AD IF TH E
5000 =7 000kg SLI NGS W ER E PU LLIN G
2 2 X ST RAI GHT UP).
5000 =1 0000 kg
09/24/09 28
DETE RM INE CAPACI TY OF BRI DLE
IF AN GLE D IFFERENT F ROM TH AT
ON T AG
IF VE RT ICAL SLING AN GLE
IS GRE ATE R THAN THE
AN GLE INDI CAT ED ON THE
TAG , THE SLI NG CAPAC ITY
MU ST BE D ER ATE D

CA PA CI TY= CAP AC ITY ON TA G X L/H FOR AN GLE ON TA G

L/ H FOR ACT UAL ANGLE

09/24/09 29
 LI FTING AND RIGGING
OPERATION S
LIF TI NG CAPA CI TY VARI AT IO N
REL AT ED WIT H TH E SL IN GS
AN GLE

09/24/09 30
09/24/09 31
 LIF TIN G OPE RATIO NS
MET AL LIC WI RE AN D CA BLE

09/24/09 32
 HOIS TS HO OK S LATCH
REQ UIREMENTS
ANS I\ASME REQU IR EMEN TS
HOO KS ON CHAI N
“HOO KS S HALL BE E QU IP ED
WITH LATCHES” FAL LS, BL OC KS,
“LAT CH EQ UIP PE D HOO KS
BLO CK A ND TACK LE
SHAL L BE USED” AN D HOISTI NG
PER SON NEL BAS KETS AND WINCHE S MUST
LOCK ING LAT CHES -O SH A
HAV E L ATCHE S.
“HOO KS S HALL BE O F TY PE
THAT CAN BE CL OSED AN D WHE N USE D IN
LOCK ED”
PE RS ONNEL
LIFTI NG, THE
LATCH ES LOC KI NG
ME THO D MUS T BE
EN GA GED.

09/24/09 33
 LIF TIN G OPE RATIO NS
SL INGIN G REMO VAL AN D HO OK RA ISIN G

09/24/09 34
 LIFT ING AND RI GGING
OPERATION S

• SLINGS, CHAINS & LIFTING GEAR

VERIFICATION OF METALLIC SLINGS

WHEN IS IT REQUIRED TO REPLACE

THE SLING ?

09/24/09 35
 LIFT ING AND RI GGING
OPERATION S
CAUS ES O F SLING S B RE AKING :

• Overl oad ing

• Be nding on shape edg e

• Re duction s of re sist ing se ction s (wir e bro ke n).

• Wire squeez e

• Wire eccessiv ely worn

09/24/09 36
 ME TA LLI C ROPE S BRE AKI NG CA USE S
AND MAJ OR DA MA GE

09/24/09 37
 LIF TIN G OPE RATIO NS
SL IN GS, CH AI NS & LIF TIN G GEAR

• WO RK HARD EN IN G

• WEAR

• LOOSE WELDI NG

• FL ESS ION AC TI ONS

• YI ELD
09/24/09 38
 CH AINS LIFT ING CAP AC ITY
RE DUC TION RE LAT ED TO TH E
WORKI NG A NGLE

09/24/09 39
 LIF TI NG OPERATION S
NYL ON AN D TEXT IL E
RO PES

09/24/09 40
 LIF TI NG OPERATION S - HOOK S

09/24/09 41
 LIF TI NG OPERATION S
CL AMP S AND PU LLEY
SE CTI ON

DIS TA NCE

DIA MET ER OF T HE BOL T

09/24/09 42
 LIFT ING AND RI GGING
OPERATIONS
COM MO N IN JURI ES HAPP ENED AT THE
RIG GERS:

• Squ ee ze ( at fin ge r, feet & h ands ).

• Ab rasi on, cuttin g, prick.

• Co ntusi on in so me par t of the body .

• Fa ll in g from el ev at ion.
09/24/09 43
 LIFTING OPERATIONS

09/24/09 44
 END

THANKS
09/24/09 45