Grammar II - Infinitive Vs Gerund
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MiriamGrammar II - Infinitive Vs Gerund
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MiriamGrammar II Unit 9 Gerund or To Infinitive
Miriam Sheen Class
Gerund
avoid finish delay
enjoy mind suggest
dislike imagine regret
admit consider deny involve miss
practice postpone
If these verbs are followed by another verb, the structure is usually verb + ing: Stop talking! I dont miss working late every night. I imagine working abroad. When Im on vacation, I enjoy not having to get up early.
These expression also take ing:
Give up (=stop) Go on (=continue) Put off (=postpone)
keep or keep on (=do something continuously or repeatedly
Are you going to give up smoking? He kept (on) interrupting me while I was speaking.
Whit some of the verbs (especially admit, deny, regret, and suggest) you can also use a that structure:
He denied that he had stolen the money He denied stealing the money. Bill suggested that we go to the movies Bill suggested going to the movies
Avoid using two gerunds together.
Im starting to learn French
Im starting learning French.
To infinitive
agree offer refuse attempt promise manage
decide plan arrange
appear seem pretend
forget intend tend
need mean
If these verbs are followed by another verb, the structure is usually verb + infinitive :
It was late , so we decided to take a taxi home They agreed to lend me some money . I like Susan, but I think she tends to talk too much. Im sorry. I dindt mean to hurt you.
There is a continuous infinitive (to be doing) and a perfect infinitive (to have done). We use these especially after seem, appear, and pretend:
I pretend to be reading. ( = I pretend that I was reading) You seem to have lost weight. ( = It seems that you have lost weight). He appears to be doing a good job ( = It appears that he is doing a good jod).
After the following verbs you can use a question word (what / where / how, etc) + infinitive. ask decide know remember forget explain
We asked Have you decide Tom explained(to me) I dont know
how to get where to go how to change whether to go
to the station? for your vacation? the tire on the car? to the party or not?
Also: show/tell/ask someone what / how / where to do something:
Can someone show me how to change the film in this camera? Ask Jack. Hell tell you what to do.
Verb + Object + Infinitive
Want
ask
expect
help
would like
would prefer
There are two possible structures after these verbs: verb + infinitive I asked to see the manager I expected to be late He would like to come verb + object + infinitive I asked Tom to help me We expected him to be late He would like me to come
After help you can use the verb with or without to Can somebody help me (to) move this table_
Tell
remind
force
enable persuade
order
warn invite
These verbs have the structure verb + object + infinitive:
Remind me to call He warmed me not to touch anything Who taught you (how) to drive? I got Jack to fix my car
You cannot use suggest with the infinitive To suggested that I buy a car (not Tom suggested me to by)
Advise
encourage
allow
permit
There are two possible structures after these verbs. Compare:
verb + ing (with object) They dont allow smoking in this building I wouldnt advise staying at that hotel verb + object + infinitive They dont allow you to smoke in this building I wouldnt advise you to stay at the hotel
make
let
These verbs have the structure verb + base form Hot weather makes me feel uncomfortable I only did it because they made me do it She wouldnt let me read the letter
Do not use to after make and let
They made me do it. (not they made me to do it)
Infinitive or Gerund (like, would like, etc.)
like
hate
cant bear
love
cant stand
After these verbs and expressions you can use gerund or the infinitive. I like getting up early I love meeting peoplo I hate washing dishes She cant stand being alone = = = = I like to get up early I love to meet people I hate to wash dishes. She cant stand to be alone.
Would like is followed by the infinitive:
I would like to be rich Would you like to come to a party?
Notice the difference in meaning between I like and I would like. I would like is a polite way of saying I want. Compare: I like playing tennis (= enjoy it in general) or I like to play tennis
I would like to play tennis (= I want to play)
We also use the infinitive after would love/hate/prefer Would you prefer to have dinner now or late? Id love to be able to travel aroun the world You can also say I would like have done something (= I regret that didnt or couldnt do something)
Its too bad we didnt visit Tom. I would like to ghave seen him again
Infinitive or Gerund (begin, start, continue, remember, try.)
begin
start
continue
These verbs can usually be followed by ing or the infinitive. So you can say:
The baby began crying or The baby began to cry It has started raining or It has started to rain He continued working after his illness or He continued to work after his illness.
Remember to do and remember doing You remember to do something before you do it. Remember to do something is the opposite of forget to do something
I remembered to lock the door before I left, but I forgot to shut the windows. Please remember to mail the letter
You remember doing something after you do it. I Remember doing something = I did something, and now I remember it:
I clearly remember locking the door before I left. (= I locked it, and now I clearly remember this)
He could remember driving along the road just before the accident happened, but he couldnt remember the accident itself
Try to do and try doing
Try to do = attempt to do, make an effort to do
I was very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open, but I couldnt. Please try to be quiet when you come home. Everyone will be asleep. Try doing = do something as an experiment or test Try some of tea maybe youll like it (= try some of it to see if you like it. We tried every hotel in town, but they were all full (=we went to every hotel to see if they had a room)
If Try (with this meaning) is followed by a verb, we say try + gerund. I cant find anywhere to live. Why dont you try putting an ad in the newspaper? (do this to see if it helps you to find a place to live) Ive got a terrible headache. I tried taking an aspirin, but it didnt help (I took an aspirin to see if it would stop my headache)
EXERCISES
writing I dont enjoy __________(write) letters. to buy (buy) a car. Nick has decided not _________ to lend (lend) me any money Tom refused _________ taking I consider ___________(take) the job. to use Can you show me how _________(use) the washing machine
smoke Mr. Thomas doesnt let anyone ________ (smoke) in his office eating I dont advise _________(eat) in that restaurant. The foods awful. cry The film was very sad. It made me ______(cry)
Lindas parents have always encouraged to study (study) hard her__________ Please remember _________ to mail (mail) this box
