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Reaction Force in Pelton Turbines

The document discusses relative and absolute reaction forces acting on a Pelton turbine runner. The relative reaction force is calculated based on the runner's rotational velocity using Newton's second law. The absolute reaction force is found using the impulse from the jet. Equations are provided to calculate both reaction forces for different runner velocities, including examples where the runner velocity is 0, half the jet velocity, and equal to the jet velocity.

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Nazakat Hussain
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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253 views8 pages

Reaction Force in Pelton Turbines

The document discusses relative and absolute reaction forces acting on a Pelton turbine runner. The relative reaction force is calculated based on the runner's rotational velocity using Newton's second law. The absolute reaction force is found using the impulse from the jet. Equations are provided to calculate both reaction forces for different runner velocities, including examples where the runner velocity is 0, half the jet velocity, and equal to the jet velocity.

Uploaded by

Nazakat Hussain
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reaction force on Pelton

turbines
Relative reaction force
Absolute reaction force

Relative reaction force
acting on the Pelton runner
The relative reaction force is the force acting
from the jet on a bucket when the runner is
rotating.
This force can be found by the help of Newtons
2. law:
( )
2 1 R R
R R R
w w Q F
dw Q
dt
dm
dw dm
dt
dw
dm a dF
=

= = = =
The relative flow rate is given by:
( ) ( )
1 1
2
s
1 1 1 R
u c
4
d
u c A w A Q
t
= = =
1 1 1
u c w =
( )
1 1 1 2 2 2 u 2
u c w w cos w w = = ~ | =
Further we can find values for the relative velocities
( ) ( ) | |
1 1 1 1 R R
u c u c Q F + =
The relative reaction force becomes:
( )
1 1 R R
u c Q 2 F =
If we use:
2
c
u
1
1
=
( )
2
c
2
c
c u c
1 1
1 1 1
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
Then:
The relative reaction force becomes:
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
1
1
c
A
c
w A
c
Q F
R R
= = =
p g H A F
n R
= =
Absolute reaction force
acting on the Pelton runner
The absolute reaction force can be found by
calculating the impulse from the jet.
This force can be found by the help of Newtons
2. law:
( ) | | ( )
2 2 1 A u 2 1 A A
w u c Q c c Q F + = =
For a relative velocity, w
2
= -(c-u)


The absolute reaction force becomes:
( ) ( ) c u 2 w u
2
= +
( ) u c Q 2 F
1 A A
=
Exercise 1
Find F
A
and F
R
for the runner velocity u = 0
For H
n
= 500 m and d
s
= 0,10 m
s m 99 H g 2 w c
n 1 1
= = =
( )
N 153954 99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
c w
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
R
1 1
2
s
1 1 R R
=
H
=

H
= =
( )
N 153954 99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
c
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
A
2
1
2
s
1 1 A A
=
H
=

H
= =
Exercise 2
Find F
A
and F
R
for the runner velocity u = 0,5 c
For H
n
= 500 m and d
s
= 0,10 m
s m 99 H g 2 c
n 1
= =
( )
N 38489
4
99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
2
c
w
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
R
1
1
2
s
1 1 R R
=
H
=
|
.
|

\
|

H
= =
( )
N 76977
2
99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
2
c
c
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
A
1
1
2
s
1 1 A A
=
H
=
|
.
|

\
|

H
= =
s m 5 , 49
2
c
w
1
1
= =
Exercise 3
Find F
A
and F
R
for the runner velocity u = c
For H
n
= 500 m and d
s
= 0,10 m
s m 99 H g 2 c
n 1
= =
( ) ( )
N 0
4
99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
0 0
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
R
2
s
1 1 R R
=
H
=

H
= =
( ) ( )
N 0
2
99
4
1 , 0
1000 2 F
0 c
4
d
2 u c Q 2 F
2
2
A
1
2
s
1 1 A A
=
H
=

H
= =
0 w
1
=

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