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Abs Theory

This document discusses automotive antilock brake systems (ABS). It describes the objectives and history of ABS. The key components of ABS systems are explained, including electronic control units, hydraulic control units, accumulators, pumps, wheel speed sensors, and electrical components. The document outlines the operation of two-wheel, three-wheel and four-wheel ABS systems. Automatic traction control and stability control systems are also briefly discussed. Safety procedures for servicing ABS and diagnostic testing methods are covered.

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Biswadip Banerjee
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235 views40 pages

Abs Theory

This document discusses automotive antilock brake systems (ABS). It describes the objectives and history of ABS. The key components of ABS systems are explained, including electronic control units, hydraulic control units, accumulators, pumps, wheel speed sensors, and electrical components. The document outlines the operation of two-wheel, three-wheel and four-wheel ABS systems. Automatic traction control and stability control systems are also briefly discussed. Safety procedures for servicing ABS and diagnostic testing methods are covered.

Uploaded by

Biswadip Banerjee
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automotive Technology

Chapter

Objectives

Explain how antilock brake systems work to bring a vehicle to a controlled stop. Describe the differences between an integrated and a nonintegrated ABS. Briefly describe the major components of a two-wheel antilock brake system. Briefly describe the major components of a four-wheel antilock brake system.

Describe the operation of the major components of an antilock brake system. Describe the operation of the major components of automatic traction and stability control systems. Explain the best procedure for finding ABS faults. List the precautions that should be followed whenever working on an ABS.

First introduced on 1954 Lincoln 1978 Mercedes made first ABS that worked well Cant defy the law of nature or physics Reduces distance to stop Most effective on dry concrete

Antilock Brakes

Normal driving will not notice difference Anti-lock Event Unrestricted tire rotation is 0% slip Tire locked up is 100% slip When we have 100% slip, the tire loses traction and vehicle motion changes into heat energy. (not very effective!)

Maximum Braking Force Between 10 and 20 Percent Slip

WET CONCRETE

Locked wheels prevent directional control Wheel lock up can be prevented by limiting brake pressure to a point just short of lockup.

Pressure Modulation Pedal Feel

Diagonally Split System


Controls Two Hydraulic circuits (2 channel)

Front/Rear Split System


Controls Three Hydraulic circuit (3 channel)

Full Four Wheel System


Controls Four Hydraulic Circuits (4 channel) (page 203) Usually intergrated with traction control

Page 228C

Normal operation when in conventional mode (if warning light, disables ABS) Heavy braking causes hydraulic pressure modulation (Pedal Feel) Integrated System (Combined parts)227C Non-Integrated System (Separate Parts) ABS operates independently of base system
ABS Operation/Modes Description - Page 226C - 227C

ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT

Inputs and Outputs (228C) Some ABS ECUs have dual boards Controls HCU Full Diagnostics Controls Warning Lights Can control each wheel brake independently. (four channel) Most are three channel Mechanical Noises

HYDRAULIC CONTROL UNIT (HCU)


Teves Mk IV Page 261C

Hydraulic Control Unit (Integral)

Hydraulic Control Unit (Non-Integral)

ACCUMULATOR
Stores high pressure brake fluid from Pump Supplies high pressure fluid in ABS mode 2800 to 3400 PSI
Must bleed before replacement or service

257C

PUMP AND MOTOR


Motor is 12V Electric (235C) Works independently of the base brake system Pressurizes brake fluid up to 2800 psi. Turns on when ever pressure drops below a predetermined level Some are replaceable seperately

WHEEL SPEED SENSORS


Detects rotation of wheel Permanent magnet type 3 Parts


Permanent magnet Coil Yoke

Induces AC voltage varied frequency 229C to 231C

RELUCTOR (Tone Ring)

ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

Pg 235C

HCU SOLENOID RELAY


Used on some systems

HCU MOTOR RELAY MAIN POWER RELAY PRESSURE SWITCHES (430L)


Generally will turn on Anti-lock Warning light

PUMP MOTOR RELAY

B+

Switch Operation Or Power Relay

Cruise Control TCC

Brake Lights CHMSL ABS

SELF DIAGNOSTICS

Each time Ignition is turned on ABS does a self diagnostic check. Some systems do check while car is moving. Indicator Lamp Operation

ABS Components
Hydraulic Components
Accumulator Valve Block

Booster pump Booster/master cylinder assembly


Accumulator

Other Hydraulic Components


Fluid accumulators Hydraulic control unit Main valve Modulator unit Solenoid valve Valve block assembly Wheel circuit valves

Electrical/Electronic Components
ABS control module Brake pedal sensor Data link connector (DLC) Diagnostic trouble code (DTC) Indicator lights Lateral acceleration sensor Pressure switch Pressure differential switch Relays Wheel speed sensor Toothed ring

Four-Wheel Systems (Integral)

ABS System No Braking

Four-Wheel Systems (Integral)

ABS System ABS in Operation

GM ABS-VI Add on System Electromagnetic Fast acting solenoid valves Screw Plungers 4 Channel Can cycle 7 times per second 5 Separate Diagnostic modes

General Motors' Electromagnetic Antilock Brake Systems

Automatic Traction Control Integration with Traction Control

Automatic Stability Control

Automatic Stability Control

Automatic Stability Control

Antilock Brake System Service


Safety Precautions Relieving Accumulator Pressure

Diagnosis and Testing


Pre-Diagnostic Inspection Visual Inspection Test Drive Self-Diagnosis Testers and Scanning Tools Testing Components with ABS Scan Tools

Testing Components with a Lab Scope

Testing Components with a Lab Scope

Component Replacement
Wheel speed sensor service Brake system bleeding

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