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Field Instruments

Field instruments are used for monitoring and control in transmission systems. They measure process variables like pressure, level, differential pressure, flow, and temperature. Common field instruments include transmitters, positioners, converters, and communicators. Standards like API and ISA specify the installation and use of field instruments. Key factors in selecting instruments are the process variable measured, installation conditions, required accuracy and range. Mounting considerations include direct mounting versus remote, and accessories like sealing, purging, and impulse piping. Future field instruments may incorporate more digital and communication capabilities.

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xentrer
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402 views

Field Instruments

Field instruments are used for monitoring and control in transmission systems. They measure process variables like pressure, level, differential pressure, flow, and temperature. Common field instruments include transmitters, positioners, converters, and communicators. Standards like API and ISA specify the installation and use of field instruments. Key factors in selecting instruments are the process variable measured, installation conditions, required accuracy and range. Mounting considerations include direct mounting versus remote, and accessories like sealing, purging, and impulse piping. Future field instruments may incorporate more digital and communication capabilities.

Uploaded by

xentrer
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIELD INSTRUMENTS

A PART OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM AND FOR MONITORING

Performance of control loop system comprise of ; Process Transmission Control


Earlier, IT is part of monitoring and control Now, IT is upgraded Control loop performance and Leak detection modeling Future, May be part of Field Distributed Digital Control System (Transmitters + Field Bus + Digital Positioner + Optical communication)

FIELD INSTRUMENTS
Types
Measurement and Transmission of Pressure, Level and DP Values Transmission of Flow values Field Communicator I/P Converters Smart Positioner (part of valve manufacturer)

Standards
API RP 551 (Process measurement Instrumentation) API RP 552 (Transmission system) API RP 550 (Manual on Installation of Refinery Instruments and control system)

SELECTION AND PROCUREMENT CRITERIA


Flow Transmitters Used to measure Flow across Variable Head sensors like Orifice, Meter run, Venturi, Flow Nozzle, Anubar Level Transmitters More Suitable for Hydraulic Resonance (used to dampen) and Agitation Due to boiling (with seal) More Faster than Displacer Used in Bubbler level measurement Pressure Instrument Direct measurement

SELECTION AND PROCUREMENT CRITERIA


Temperature measurement
Head Mounted and Remote mounted Remote mounted is preferable in view of Amb Temp effect, Vibration, Accessibility, Grounding Cold Junction for T/C

Temperature Multiplexer Field Communicator For Configuration, Display process variable, Diagnostics Using FSK principle HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) I/P Converter

Sample Block diagram


Terminal Temperature Sensor

Analog-to-Digital Signal Conversion

Microcomputer
-Sensor Linearization -Rerange -Damping -Diagnostics -Engineering Units -Communications

Digital-to-Analog Signal Conversion


Digital Communications -Bell 202 FSK
+0.5 mA 0 mA 0.5 mA

Temperature Sensor Sensor Module Memory -Correction Coefficients -Module Information

Electronic Module Memory -Range Values -Transmitter configuration - Transmitters Performance Curve

1200 Hz 1

2200 Hz 0

Local Zero and Span Adjustment

Sensor

Sensor Module
A/D

Smart Electronics

D/A

Communications

Accessories
Diaphragm sealing Mechanical barrier from viscous, congealing, plugging, corrosive, Sealing liquid (DC704, Syltherm) Purging To seal and sweep clean lines from solid bearing, cocking, solidification Impulse To reduce temp, vibration, pulsation, Heat Tracing For High viscous

Performance
Accuracy Response Time (Dead time Td + Time constant Tc 63%) Static Pressure effect Turndown TPE

Mounting
Close coupled is preferable Remote used for accessibility and avoid vibration For High temperature, use purging, long impulse and remote seal

FIELD INSTRUMENTS
YES to Incorporate
- Specification related to Field Instruments only - New upcoming Technology with all related mounting accessories - Vendors Information

Thank U??!!!

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