3G Wireless End-to-End IP

Multimedia System
(Wireless All-IP Network)

February 28, 2001
Anne Y. Lee
Distinguished Member of Technical Staff
Wireless Systems Engineering
[email protected]
(630)713-1257
http://nwswww.ih.lucent.com/~wirlss/voip/voip.html



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N What is Wireless End-to-End IP Multimedia?
N Why Wireless End-to-End IP Multimedia?
N How Wireless End-to-End IP Multimedia?
Standards Orgs & Status
Project Timeline
3GPP R5 Reference Model
Services Platforms
Radio Access Network
Network Diagram
Lucent Platforms & Reference Model Nodes
Call Flows
Performance, Security & Other Issues
N Conclusion
Presentation Outline
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What is Wireless End-to-End IP Multimedia?
Wireless All-IP is:
IP terminated at handset
All packet, including voice
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New Services
~Single handset (PDA)
Integrated simultaneous packet voice and multimedia data
Single state machine for packet voice and multimedia
Access independent end user applications & interface
e Single packet core network
Circuit MSC eliminated
Simplified administration
Consolidated resources (cost savings)
+Signalling/bearer path independence i.e. home control
Same feature set wherever subscriber roams
Faster feature introduction with home control
Option to find least cost bearer path
Why Wireless End-to-End IP Multimedia?
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Why Wireless IP Multimedia ...? contd.
Single IP multimedia core network for wireline and wireless
Shared feature servers and registrars with wireline service.
Merge of wireline and wireless end user services.
New internet-based features, e.g. call no answer treatments include
reply with customized html page.
New multiple registrations or multiple contacts SIP features
for wireline and wireless devices for a single end user.
Example: a. terminating call request arrives for subscriber
b. SIP server tries mobile
c. no answer
d. SIP server tries wireline phone
e. no answer
f. SIP server sends customized html page to calling party
RRide internet technology curve

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N Videotelephony
Honey, is this what you want?
Grandma, babys starting to walk!
Baby sitter monitor
Child/Elderly person monitor w/auto answer
capability
N Integrated simultaneous voice and multimedia
Help, Im lost
N Multiple voice line appearances
We are buying a new house
N Multimedia messaging (enhanced SMS)



All-IP Services Scenarios Examples
These are mass market usage scenario ideas. Can you think of
more? What are possible business uses?
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How Wireless End-to-End IP Multimedia?
Standards Orgs & Status
Project Timeline
3GPP R5 Reference Model
Services Platforms
Radio Access Network
Network Diagram
Lucent Platforms & Reference Model Nodes
Call Flows
Performance, Security, & Other Issues
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N 3GPP
N 3GPP2
N 3GIP
N MWIF
N IETF
N ITU
Standards Organizations
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3GPP Wireless All-IP Standards Timeframe
3GPP Release 2000
December 2000
3GPP Release 4
March, 2001
Stage 2 for IP Multimedia
Subsystem
RAN Aspects
Long Development Lead time
Aspects
3GPP Release 5
December, 2001
Completion of stage 3 for IP
Multimedia Subsystem
Standardization began in ~98/99
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N All IP Ad Hoc Group under TSG-S chartered in Nov. 1999 (moved directly
under 3GPP2 Steering Committee Feb. 2000)
N Requirements for a 3G Network Based on Internet Protocol (All-IP)
with Support for TIA/EIA-41 Interoperability version 1.0, October 2000
N IP Network Architecture Model for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum
Systems version 1.0, October 2000
N Workplan Recommendations for the 3GPP2 All IP Network Development
Activitiesversion 1.0, October 2000
Use existing TSG structure for Specification Development
Work divided across TSG-A, TSG-C, TSG-N, TSG-P with an All-IP Project
Group within TSG-S
Begin work Jan. 2001, with approximately a 12-month development cycle.
3GPP2 All IP Network Standards Status
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FOA
2Q03 4Q00 now
Overarching FDD
Version 1 Baselined
Gate 2
2Q01
Gate 3
4Q01
Stds
Baseline
Assumes 3GPP Standards makes its
target baseline date.
Tentative Project Timeline
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Overarching FDD Version 1.0 Schedule
Milestone Date
1
st
Draft / Authors Review November 15, 16, 17 2000
Chalktalk December 6, 7, 2000
2
nd
Draft / Authors Review January 4, 5, 2001
Walkthru January 17, 18, 2001
Formal Review February 5, 6, 7, 2001
Baseline March 31, 2001
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Reference Model
TE MT
BSS
GERAN
SGSN GGSN
CSCF
MGCF
MRF MGW*
T-SGW
CSCF
HSS
R-SGW
PSTN / Legacy/
External
Legacy Mobile
Signaling Network
EIR
IP Multimedia
Domain *
R Um
Iu
Gn
Gf
CAP
Gi
Gi
Gi
Gi
Mr
Cx
Mh
Mg
Mm
Mw
Mc
Gc
Gr
Ms
Applications &
Services
SCP
* Indicates Identical Elements
Signaling Link
Signaling and Data Link
Access Network Elements
Access Equipment
Core Network Elements
TE MT UTRAN
R Uu
MGW*
Iu
Iu
Nb
IP Multimedia
Domain *
Terminal Equipment (TE)

Not necessarily a wireless device
Used in conjunction with wireless
device
Example : laptop, PDA

Interfaces:
MT via R
Mobile Terminal (MT)

A wireless device
Possibly used in conjunction with
TE to access wireless services
Example : Mobile Phone

Interfaces:
MT via R
GERAN via Um

UMTS Radio Access Network (UTRAN)

Primary Interface between Wireless
device and Access Network
Designed to support both 2G and 3G
air interfaces.

Interfaces:
SGSN via Iu
MT via Uu
MGW via Iu

Serving GPRS Service Node(SGSN)

Primary point of attachment to
packet data network
Performs mobility management of
packet data mobiles
Authentication
Accounting
Maintains mobile state information

Interfaces:
GERAN via Gb
GGSN via Um
HSS via Iu
Services via CAP
Gateway GPRS Service Node(GGSN)

Interworking between SGSN and
external packet data network
Routing of packets
Packet Session Establishment
Accounting

Interfaces:
SGSN via Gn
CSCF via Gi
HSS via Gc
MRF via Gi
MGW via Gi
IP MM via Gi
Call Session Control Function (CSCF)

Incoming Call Gateway function
Call Control function
Serving Profile Database function,
Address Handling function.

Interfaces:
CSCF via Mw
R-SGW via Ms
IP MM CN via Mm
MGCF via Mg
GGSN via Gi
HSS via Cx
MRF via Mr
Services via VHE, OSA
Home Subscriber System (HSS)
Analogous to HLR
Contain Authentication information
Contain Information about serving
CSCF
Subscriber profile/subscription
information

Interfaces:
CSCF via Cx
R-SGW via Mh
GGSN via Gc
SGSN via Gr
Services via VHE, OSA
Transport Signaling Gateway (T-SGW)
Terminates signaling from
PSTN/PLMN
Translates messages from MGCF to
PSTN

Interfaces:
PSTN via
MGCF via
Media Gateway (MGW)
Terminates transport from IP
Network
Terminates transport from PSTN
Vocoders might be needed here

Interfaces:
GGSN via Gi
MGW via Nh
PSTN via
Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)
Interwork with legacy networks for
signalling
Control of MGW
Signalling to CSCF for call control


Interfaces:
CSCF via Mg
MGW via Mc
T-SGW via
Roaming Signaling Gateway (R-SGW)
Allows for roaming between
2G/CS domain
Provides interworking between SS7
and IP transport

Interfaces:
Legacy via
CSCF via Ms
HSS via Mh
Media Resource Function (MRF)
Provides support for multi-party
conferences
Bearer control between GGSN and
MGW for multimedia conferences
Tones and announcements

Interfaces:
CSCF via Mr
GGSN via Gi
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Reference Model - new network entity
BGCF
S-CSCF
MGCF
MGW
a
b
H.248+
Breakout gateway
control function
BGCF
Home Network
Visited Network
MGCF
MGW
b
H.248+
c
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Services Platforms
Open Services Access (OSA)
SIP
CAMEL (3GPP) , WIN (3GPP2)
CSCF

O Third Party (including Visited
Network local & location-based
services)

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Radio Access Network (RAN)
Options: GERAN & UTRAN
RAN composed of:
N UTRAN: RNC & Node B
N GERAN: BSC & BTS
Relocation & Handover
N Relocation: RNC-to-RNC, BSC-to-BSC (change of Iu interface at RAN)
N Handover: Air interface change
N Real-time Relocation proposals:
SGSN/GGSN: Bi-casting
RNC/BSC: Packet Forwarding
Ciphering & Integrity Protection (nothing additional to UMTS R99; GERAN is
changed)
N Ciphering: Provides user data and signaling confidentiality; encryption in RLC or MAC layer
N Integrity Protection: Provides data integrity and origin authentication of signaling data.
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Radio Access Network (RAN) contd.
IP Header Compression/Removal
N Compression specifications exists for 3GPP R99 for IP/TCP non-real time services
N Removal and compression specifications (in 3GPP R4/R5) for IP/UDP/RTP headers in real
time services
Support for Simultaneous Multiple Radio Access Bearer Combinations, for
example:
N Conversational RAB + Signalling RAB with high traffic handling priority
N Conversational RAB + Signalling RAB with high traffic handling priority + Interactive
RABs with high traffic handling priority
N Conversational RAB + Signalling RAB with high traffic handling priority + Background
RABs and/or Interactive RABs with low traffic handling priority
N Conversational RAB + Signalling RAB with high traffic handling priority + Interactive
RABs with high traffic handling priority + Background RABs and/or Interactive RABs with
low traffic handling priority

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Network Diagram
Home IP Network
Visited IP Network
HSS
P-CSCF/MGCF
CS-MGW
S-CSCF/BGCF/MGCF
SGSN
GGSN
DHCP/DNS+
To SS7 network...
To PSTN phone...
IP router
To landline IP phone...
SS7
To IP mobile...
To circuit mobile...
RAN
(RNC + BTS)
IP Mobile
R-SGW
I-CSCF/T-SGW
To PSTN...
To 2G wireless network...
PS-MGW
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Network Subsystems
RAN
Backbone
Packet
Network
IP Multimedia
Core Network
Radio Access Network


UTRAN
GERAN
Backbone Packet Network


SGSN, GGSN, CGF, G-HLR
IP Multimedia Core Network


CSCF, MGW, MGCF, BGCF, MRF, R-
SGW, T-SGW, HSS/AAA
Services
Services


OSA (JAIN/PARLAY)
SIP
CAMEL
WIN
CSCF
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Lucent Platforms & Reference Model Nodes
Lucent Softswitch (LSS)
S-CSCF, P-CSCF, I-CSCF*
T-SGW**
R-SGW**
BGCF**
MGCF**
Super HLR / E-services HLR?
HSS/AAA*
Lucent FMS / Springtide
3G SGSN/GGSN**
Lucent FMS
Charging GW**
OMC**
QIP
DNS (ENUM)**
DHCP
Lucent Media Server (LMS)
MRF**
APX8000
CS-MGW**
PS-MGW**
OneBTS/RNC/BSC
UTRAN**
GERAN**
PacketIN?
Application Server (for advance
services)


* new
** enhanced from UMTS R4 circuit and packet
networks and/or CoreIP
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Call Flows
Registration
Origination
Termination
Mobile to Mobile
Multimedia

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Call Flows - Registration
N Initial Registration
N Re-registration
N De-registration
N Advanced Registration

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Call Flows - Registration Flow Example
Home
IP Network
Visited
IP Network
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
RAN
SGSN
GGSN
I-CSCF
DNS/DHCP+
HSS
IP Mobile Registration
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Call Flows - Advanced Registration
_ Multiple users, one device
Omultiple aliases per user per device
_ Multiple identifiers, one device
Omultiple users per device
_ Multiple contacts
Omultiple contacts per user (future)
_ 3rd party registration
Ouser registers another user (future)

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Call Flows - Origination
N IP mobile to PSTN phone
N IP mobile to IP landline phone
N IP mobile to circuit mobile
N IP mobile to IP mobile

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Call Flows - Origination Flow Example
Home IP Network
Visited IP Network
PSTN
S-CSCF
MGW
T-SGW
SS7
I-CSCF
P-CSCF
RAN
SGSN
MGCF
I-CSCF
DNS/DHCP+
GGSN
IP Mobile to PSTN Phone
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Call Flows - Termination
N PSTN phone to IP mobile
N IP landline phone to IP mobile
N Circuit mobile to IP mobile
N IP mobile to IP mobile

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Call Flows - Termination Flow Example
Home IP Network
Visited IP Network
HSS
Another IP
Network
S-CSCF
I-CSCF
P-CSCF
RAN
SGSN
GGSN
SIP Server
DNS/DHCP+
IP router
SIP Client
PS-MGW
Landline SIP Phone to IP Mobile
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Call Flows - Mobile to Mobile
N With vocoder bypass (tandem free)
N With transcoder
N Through PSTN

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Call Flows - Mobile to Mobile Flow Example
Home IP Network
(called party)
HSS
router
RAN
SGSN
Home IP Network
(calling party)
router
RAN
SGSN
P-CSCF
I-CSCF S-CSCF S-CSCF
DNS/DHCP+
P-CSCF
GGSN GGSN
Mobile to Mobile with Vocoder Bypass
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Call Flows - Multimedia
N Mobile to mobile
N Mobile to server (e.g. conference
bridge, games, etc.)
N Mobile to IP landline terminal (e.g.
United Airlines attendant, hotel desk clerk,
baby sitter monitor, etc.)

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Call Flows - Multimedia Flow Example
IM Core Network
P-CSCF
S-CSCF
I-CSCF
HSS
UE
B

UE
b

Access Network
PS-MGW
Access Network
PS-MGW
IM Core Network
P-CSCF S-CSCF
I-CSCF HSS
packet voice session in progress SGSN
GGSN
SGSN
GGSN
Invite(add new SDP)
QoS authorization
QoS authorization
QoS Allocation
QoS Allocation
Second bearer for existing session
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Performance, Security, & Other Issues
Performance
QoS
Security
Accounting and Billing
Emergency Services
Legal Intercept
IPv6

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Performance


End-to-end performance of the signalling path
call setup delay
End-to-end performance of the bearer path
delay, jitter, voice quality
vocoder is GSM AMR
impact to voice quality when sending signalling messages during call (e.g., DTMF tones)
Network Bandwidth Engineering
cell location to central switch location
Radio Link Performance
Call Setup TDMA mobile orig: 6.5 secs
Call Setup TDMA mobile term: 8 secs
Call Setup Mobile to mobile: 16.5 secs.
Registration Home System: 4 secs
Registration Visited System: 10 secs
Numbers below are NOT CUSTOMER VIEWABLE
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Quality of Service


Session Description negotiation/SDP
QoS policy control/resource authorization
Call flow and bearer setup interactions
IP bearer services/resource reservations
Bearer establishment for multimedia services
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Security


User Authentication
Network Peer-to-Peer Authentication
I-CSCF Firewall
Privacy/encryption
Integrity
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Accounting/Billing


Radio and Backbone Resources
IP Multimedia Core Network
External IP Network Resources
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Pre-paid Accounts
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Conclusion
O High speed wireless packet data will enable new
ways for people to communicate.
O It is critical to Lucents future that Lucent work
aggressively on developing the enabling
architecture that will revolutionize wireless
communications.
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Acronyms
3GPP: 3rd generation partnership project
BGCF: breakout gateway control function
BTS: base tranceiver system
CN: core network
CSCF: call session control function
DHCP: dynamic host control protocol
DNS: domain name server
FW: framework
GGSN: gateway GPRS support node
HSS: home subscriber system
I-CSCF: interrogating CSCF]
IM: IP multimedia
IM CN: IP multimedia core network
JAIN: Java applets for intelligent networks
MGCF: media gateway control function

MGW: media gateway
MRF: media resource function
MT: mobile terminal
OSA: open services architecture
PCN: packet core network
P-CSCF: proxy CSCF
RAN: radio access network
RNC: radio network controller
R-SGW: roaming signalling gateway
SCS: service capability server
S-CSCF: serving CSCF
SGSN: serving GPRS support node
SIP: session initiation protocol
TE: terminal equipment
T-SGW: transport signalling gateway