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TCP SlidingWindows06

Each frame is assigned a sequence number: SeqNum. The sender maintains three variables: send window size (SWS), last ACK received (LAR), and last frame sent (LFS)

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Toon Man
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22 views

TCP SlidingWindows06

Each frame is assigned a sequence number: SeqNum. The sender maintains three variables: send window size (SWS), last ACK received (LAR), and last frame sent (LFS)

Uploaded by

Toon Man
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flow Control, and Congestion Control

Lecture material taken from Computer Networks A Systems Approach, Third Ed.,Peterson and Davie, Morgan Kaufmann, 2003.
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 1

TCP Sliding Windows,

Sliding Windows
Normally a data link layer concept. Our interest is understanding the TCP mechanism at the transport layer. Each frame is assigned a sequence number: SeqNum. The sender maintains three variables: send window size (SWS), last ACK received (LAR), and last Frame sent (LFS).
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 2

Sender Variables
SWS :: the upper bound on the number of outstanding frames (not ACKed) the sender can transmit. LAR :: the sequence number of the last ACK received. LFS :: the sequence number of the last frame sent.
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 3

Sender Invariant
LFS LAR SWS
SWS

LAR

LFS

Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows

Sender Window
An arriving ACK LAR moves right 1 sender can send one more frame. Associate a timer with each frame the sender transmits. Sender retransmits the frame if the timer times out. Sender buffer :: up to SWS frames.
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 5

Receiver Variables
Receiver window size (RWS) :: the upper bound on the number of out-of-order frames the receiver is willing to accept. Largest acceptable frame (LAF) :: the sequence number of the largest acceptable frame. Last frame received (LFR) :: the sequence number of the last frame received.
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 6

Receiver Invariant
LAF LFR RWS
RWS

LFR

LAF

Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows

Receiver Window
When a frame arrives with SeqNum:
If (SeqNum LFR or SeqNum > LAF) the frame is discarded because it is outside the window. If (LFR < SeqNum LAF) the frame is accepted.

Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows

Receiver ACK Decisions


SeqNumToAck :: largest sequence number not yet ACKed such that all frames SeqNumToAck have been received. Receiver ACKs receipt of SeqNumToAck
and sets LFR = SeqNumToAck LAF = LFR + RWS SeqNumToAck is adjusted appropriately!

Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows

Generic ACK Choices


1. ACK sequence number indicates the last frame successfully received. - OR 2. ACK sequence number indicates the next frame the receiver expects to receive. Both of these can be strictly individual ACKs or represent cumulative ACKing. Cumulative ACKing is the most common technique.
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 10

Generic Responses to a lost packet or frame


1.Use a duplicate ACK. 2. Use a selective ACK [SACK]. 3. Use a negative ACK [NACK] .
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 11

TCP Sliding Windows


* In practice, the TCP implementation switches from packet pointers to byte pointers. Guarantees reliable delivery of data. Ensures data delivered in order. Enforces flow control between sender and receiver. The idea is: the sender does not overrun the receivers buffer.
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 12

Figure 5.3 TCP Managing a Byte Stream


Application process Application process

Write bytes

Read bytes

TCP Send buffer

TCP Receive buffer

Segment

Segment

Segment

Transmit segments

Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows

13

Sending application

Receiv ing application

TCP LastBy teWritten LastBy teRead

TCP

LastBy teAcked (a)

LastBy teSent

NextBy teExpected (b)

LastBy teRcv d

Figure 5.8 Relationship between TCP Send Buffer and TCP Receive Buffer
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 14

Receivers Advertised Window


The big difference in TCP is that the size of the sliding window size at the TCP receiver is not fixed. The receiver advertises an adjustable window size (AdvertisedWindow field in TCP header). Sender is limited to having no more than AdvertisedWindow bytes of unACKed data at any time.
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 15

TCP Flow Control


The discussion is similar to the previous sliding window mechanism except we add the complexity of sending and receiving application processes that are filling and emptying their local buffers. Also we introduce the complexity that buffers are of finite size without worrying about where the buffers are stored.
MaxSendBuffer MaxRcvBuffer

Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows

16

TCP Flow Control


Receiver throttles sender by advertising a window size no larger than the amount it can buffer. On TCP receiver side:
LastByteRcvd - LastByteRead MaxRcvBuffer

to avoid buffer overflow!


Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 17

TCP Flow Control


TCP receiver advertises: AdvertisedWindow = MaxRcvBuffer (LastByteRcvd - LastByteRead) i.e., the amount of free space available in the receivers buffer.

Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows

18

TCP Flow Control


The TCP sender must adhere to AdvertisedWindow from the receiver such that
LastByteSent LastByteAcked AdvertisedWindow

or use EffectiveWindow:
EffectiveWindow = AdvertisedWindow (LastByteSent LastByteAcked)

Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows

19

TCP Flow Control


Sender Flow Control Rules:
1. EffectiveWindow > 0 for sender to send more data.

2. LastByteWritten LastByteAcked MaxSendBuffer equality here send buffer is full!! TCP sender process must block the sender application.
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 20

TCP Congestion Control


CongestionWindow :: a variable held by the TCP source for each connection. * TCP is modified such that the maximum number of bytes of unacknowledged data allowed is the minimum of CongestionWindow and AdvertisedWindow.
MaxWindow :: min (CongestionWindow , AdvertisedWindow)

Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows

21

TCP Congestion Control


Finally, we have that
EffectiveWindow = MaxWindow (LastByteSent LastByteAcked) The idea :: the sources effective window can be no faster than the slowest of the network (i.e., its core routers) or the destination Host. * The TCP source receives implicit and/or explicit indications of congestion by which to reduce the size of CongestionWindow.
Advanced Computer Networks : TCP Sliding Windows 22

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