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Visual Representation of Data

This document provides an overview of different methods for visually representing data, including pictograms, histograms, frequency polygons, ogive curves, and various types of graphs like pie charts, line graphs, and scatter plots. It explains key aspects of each method such as how histograms use bar heights to represent frequencies and how an ogive curve is created by plotting cumulative frequencies against class boundaries. The document also references additional explanations available in Word and Excel files as well as live demonstrations of topics like generating raw data sets, discrete and continuous distributions, and hypothesis testing.

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SITI FARAH IDAYUBINTI MADI
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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175 views31 pages

Visual Representation of Data

This document provides an overview of different methods for visually representing data, including pictograms, histograms, frequency polygons, ogive curves, and various types of graphs like pie charts, line graphs, and scatter plots. It explains key aspects of each method such as how histograms use bar heights to represent frequencies and how an ogive curve is created by plotting cumulative frequencies against class boundaries. The document also references additional explanations available in Word and Excel files as well as live demonstrations of topics like generating raw data sets, discrete and continuous distributions, and hypothesis testing.

Uploaded by

SITI FARAH IDAYUBINTI MADI
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VISUAL REPRESENTATION

OF DATA
Contents
Ways Of Representing Data
Visual Representation focus on…
Types Of Graph
Further Explanations (Word)
Further Explanations (Excel)
Demonstrations

Ways Of Representing
Data
•Bar/Pie Charts/Pictograms
•Histograms/Cumulative
Frequency
•Time Series
•Scatter Diagrams
•Variation and Experimental
Data
•2-Dice simulation
•Binomial (any n , p),
Poisson (any m), normal (any
m,s²)
•Central Limit Theorem.

Types Contents
VISUAL REPRESENTATION
focus on…
PICTOGRAPH
HISTOGRAMS
FREQUENCY POLYGONS
FREQUENCY TABLES
OGIVE

Types Contents
Types of graph
Pictogram
Histogram
Ogive
Frequency Polygon
Frequency Table
Pie
Line
Scatter
Binomial graph
Normal graph Contents
PICTOGRAM
A pictogram is the simple way to representing
data.
Frequency is indicated by identical pictures
(called symbols of motifs) arranged in rows or
column.
Symbols may be divided into halves to other
fractions to represent parts of a number.
Pictograms are mainly used in newspapers,
magazines and reports in order to make a
striking display. They are usually aimed at
people who are unskilled in statistics or who
have limited interest in the information
Types shown, and are more suitable for Contents
Pictograms
Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Represents 5 star fruits.

Types Contents
histograms

Histograms are like vertical bar graphs of


group data.
There are no gaps between the bars.
The area of the bars gives the number of items
in the class interval.
If all interval are same, then the bars will be
the same width, and the frequencies can be
represented by the height of the bars.

Types Contents
Different Shapes of
Histogram

Types Contents
More Shapes of Histogram

Types Contents
ogive

Ogive, or a cumulative frequency


curve is the curve obtained by
plotting cumulative frequencies
against the upper boundaries of
the classes.

Types Contents
Explanation About Ogive
An ogive ("Oh-jive") is a curved shape, figure,
or feature.
In statistics, an ogive is the curve of a
cumulative distribution function (which, for
the normal distribution, resembles one side of
an Arabesque or ogival arch).
•

Types Contents
Ogive

Types Contents
FREQUENCY TABLES
Raw data can be arranged in a
frequency tables.
•

A frequency tables shows the


number of times (frequency)
each values occurs.

Types Contents
Frequency Tables

Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
obtained
Frequenc 2 1 1 2 4 3 6 3 2 1
y

Types Contents
Table 1
Example:
5 5 7 1
6
7 7 5
6 2
5 7 8
7 9
7 10 8 6
3
4 1 8
4 9
So, the frequency table of this row data would look
like this:
Mark
obtained
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency 2 1 1 2 4 3 6 3 2 1

Types Contents
FREQUENCY POLYGON
Frequency polygon is same as
ogive.
•

If the points are joined by straight


line, the graph is called a
cumulative frequency polygon.

Types Contents
Frequency Polygon

Types Contents
Different Shapes of Pie

Types Contents
Different Shapes of Line
Graph

Types Contents
More Shapes of Line
Graph

Types Contents
Different Shapes of
Scatter

Types Contents
More Shapes of Scatter

Types Contents
Different Shapes of Binomial
Graph

Types Contents
Normal Distributions

Types Contents
Continuous Distributions

Types Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0

Poison Graph

Types Contents
Further Explanations
(Word)
Statistical data diagram
Probability distributions
The Central Limit Theorem
Generating Raw Data Sets
Discrete/Continuous and Frequency Density
Generating Figures
Hypothesis Testing

Types Contents
Further Explanations
(excel)
•2-dice
•200 marks

•BinPoi

•Brains

•NormCalc

•Sampling

•Sliders

Types Contents
Demonstrations

Raw data
Frequency Density
Histogram measurement
Tables of values
Data from Poisson
Text box
Hypothesis tests
CLT
Discrete probability
Normal distribution
Types Contents
Grouped data
Thank
you

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