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C11 Disk Drive Interfaces

This chapter discusses various disk drive interfaces, including floppy, IDE, SCSI, and USB. It explains the standards and versions for IDE/ATA interfaces and provides details on setting jumpers and installing drives using IDE, SCSI, and floppy interfaces. The document also covers troubleshooting for non-working drives.

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Amir M. Villas
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58 views40 pages

C11 Disk Drive Interfaces

This chapter discusses various disk drive interfaces, including floppy, IDE, SCSI, and USB. It explains the standards and versions for IDE/ATA interfaces and provides details on setting jumpers and installing drives using IDE, SCSI, and floppy interfaces. The document also covers troubleshooting for non-working drives.

Uploaded by

Amir M. Villas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PC Hardware Servicing

Chapter 11: Disk Drive Interfaces

Chapter 11 Objectives
Understand floppy drive interfaces Explain IDE and ATA standards Set jumpers for ATA drive installation Explain SCSI standards Set jumpers for SCSI drive installation Physically install hard drives Troubleshoot drive problems

Drive Interface Overview


Floppy Integrated Device Electronics (IDE) Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) Universal Serial Bus (USB)

Drive Interface Controllers

Floppy Interface
34-pin connector and ribbon cable Usually labeled FDD Only one per motherboard Supports two drives (A and B)

Floppy Drive Cable


Twist in a few wires between first and second drive connectors Older cables may have alternate connector for 5.25 floppy drive

Floppy Drive Cable

IDE Interface
40-pin connector and ribbon cable Most motherboards have two Each supports two drives (for a total of 4) Hard disks, CD drives, ZIP drives, tape backup drives

IDE Versions
XT IDE (8-bit ISA): The original standard, for XT computers. Obsolete MCA IDE (16-bit Micro Channel): Proprietary standard by IBM. Obsolete ATA IDE (16-bit ISA): Current standard

ATA Versions
ATA-1: The original standard ATA-2: Added support for other drives than hard disks ATA-3: Added SMART error detection ATA-4: Introduced UltraDMA/33, 33MB/sec

ATA Versions
ATA-5: UltraDMA/66, 66MB/sec ATA-6: UltraDMA/100, 100MB/sec ATA-7: UltraDMA/133, 133MB/sec
UltraDMA modes above /33 require 80-wire ribbon cable

ATA Ribbon Cables

Serial ATA
High-speed serial connection between motherboard and drive Serial cables can be longer than parallel ones Cables are easier to work with Speeds of 150MB/sec and higher possible

Slave/Master Jumpers
Two IDE devices per cable First drive is Master (if second drive is also present) or Single (if alone) Not all drives distinguish between Master and Single Second drive is Slave Cable Select setting relies on position on ribbon cable to determine Master/Slave status

Slave/Master Jumpers

Mixing IDE Drives


On a single cable, all drives will revert to slowest ATA standard (speed) that is in common Example: UltraDMA/33 and UltraDMA/100 drives together will operate at 33MB/sec

SCSI Interface
Small Computer Systems Interface Popular on high-end systems, servers More expensive than IDE Interface not built into most motherboards Requires controller card Serial ATA promises to further erode the SCSI market

SCSI Advantages over IDE


Historically, overall higher throughput Multiple SCSI drives can be chained together (at least 7), making SCSI well suited for RAIDs Drives on same bus can share bandwidth better than IDE

Types of SCSI
SCSI-1: The original
8-bit, 5Mhz bus Lack of standardization Device and expansion card typically purchased together as proprietary pair

Types of SCSI
SCSI-2: Standardized SCSI
Standard 5MHz and Fast 10MHz Standard 8-bit width (standard or narrow) Wide 16-bit width Wide 32-bit width, never commercially successful

SCSI-3: Ultra SCSI


Fast-20: The original
Ultra SCSI (8-bit, 20MBps) Ultra Wide (16-bit, 40MBps)

Fast-40
Ultra2 (8-bit, 40MBps) Ultra2 Wide (16-bit, 80MBps)

SCSI-3: Ultra SCSI (continued)


Fast-80DT (a.k.a. Ultra3, Ultra160, Ultra160+)
16-bit width Data transfer up to 160MBps

Fast-160DT (a.k.a. Ultra4, Ultra320)


16-bit width Data transfer up to 320MBps

SCSI IDs
Each device has its own ID number
On narrow SCSI (8-bit), 0 through 7 On wide SCSI (16-bit), 0 through 15

SCSI ID set with jumper or switch on board, or in boards built-in Setup utility Plug-and-Play SCSI ID assignment available on most modern equipment

Setting SCSI Jumpers


Set ID numbers with binary system of numbering Pins numbered right to left (usually) On example below, ID is set to 5 (4 + 1)

SCSI Termination
Both ends of SCSI chain must be terminated If chain ends at adapter on one end, jumper on adapter typically used Terminator can be internal or external Terminator can be active or passive

SCSI Termination
Passive termination: Uses resistors to block the signal Active termination: Uses voltage regulators to block the signal. Much more effective.

SCSI Termination
Built-in versus separate
Some SCSI devices have jumpers for built-in termination A separate block can be attached for separate termination

SCSI Termination
Internal vs. external
Internal terminator terminates an internal SCSI chain (inside PC case) External terminator terminates an external SCSI chain (outside PC case)

More Ways to Categorize SCSI


Single-Ended: Standard (SE) Low-Voltage Differential (LVD)
Greater speeds, more devices, greater distance for chain All devices must support LVD, and must use LVD termination; otherwise devices revert to SE performance

More Ways to Categorize SCSI


High-Voltage Differential (HVD)
Incompatible with SE and LVD Allows greater maximum distances Cannot be combined with any other SCSI devices on a chain Must use HVD termination

Prepare a Drive
Floppy: nothing required IDE: Set master/slave jumpers SCSI: Set SCSI ID jumpers and termination if required

Mount the Drive in the Bay (Internal)

Mount the Drive in the Bay (External)

Install the SCSI Adapter


SCSI only Set jumper on adapter for ID and termination if required Install in PCI expansion slot

Connect Drive to Motherboard or Adapter


Red Stripe goes to Pin 1 Cable might be keyed to match notch in motherboard slot

Connect Ribbon Cable to Drive

Connect Power Supply to Drive


Mini connector for floppy drives Molex connector for all other drives

BIOS Configuration
Usually Plug-and-Play, no configuration needed (except floppy drive) BIOS Setup will see drive immediately if attached directly to motherboard
Primary master, primary slave, secondary master, secondary slave

Drive must be partitioned before OS will see it

Troubleshooting Dead Drive


Snug all cables Check jumper settings Check for Pin 1 cable orientation Check BIOS setup to make sure interface is enabled Try a different power supply connector Try a different ribbon cable

Other Common Problems


Floppy light remains on
Ribbon cable is backwards

Drive content does not refresh (floppy)


Broken wire #34 on floppy drive cable

OS does not see drive


Drive not partitioned yet

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