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Physical Science: Forces

Forces can be pushes or pulls and have both magnitude and direction. Balanced forces result in no motion, while unbalanced forces cause motion. Vectors use arrows to represent magnitude and direction of forces. Newton's three laws of motion describe how forces affect motion: the first law states an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force, the second law relates force, mass and acceleration, and the third law states for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, and total momentum is conserved during collisions or interactions between objects.

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Aubrey Marie Villamor
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45 views

Physical Science: Forces

Forces can be pushes or pulls and have both magnitude and direction. Balanced forces result in no motion, while unbalanced forces cause motion. Vectors use arrows to represent magnitude and direction of forces. Newton's three laws of motion describe how forces affect motion: the first law states an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force, the second law relates force, mass and acceleration, and the third law states for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, and total momentum is conserved during collisions or interactions between objects.

Uploaded by

Aubrey Marie Villamor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physical Science

Forces

The Nature of Force

By definition, a Force is a push or a pull.

A Push Or A Pull

Just like Velocity & Acceleration Forces have both magnitude and direction components

Balanced & Unbalanced Forces


With a Balanced force opposite and equal forces acting on the same object result in NO motion of the object Unbalanced forces two or more forces of unequal strength or direction acting upon on an object results in the motion of the object

Vectors

Vectors are a method used to visually show forces A vector is a quantity which has both magnitude (size) and direction. The length of the arrow shows the magnitude of the vector. The angle of the arrow shows the vector's direction.

Just like numbers, we can add two or more vectors together and get a net force called the resultant

Adding 2 or More Vectors


Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3

Add vectors A and B to get the Resultant C A+B=C

Fig 1 - shows the magnitude & direction of the 2 vectors we are adding Fig 2 we move the beginning of vector B to the end of Vector A, making sure to keep the magnitude & direction exactly the same Fig 3 Connect the beginning of Vector A to the end of Vector B, this is your Resultant C.
Click the icon to run java script game that allows you to add vectors

Newtons 3 Laws of Motion


Newtons 1st Law of Motion: The Law of Inertia

which states an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion at a constant velocity until acted on by another force.

Remember: The greater the mass of an object the greater the inertia

Newtons 3 Laws of Motion


Newtons Second Law of Motion F=ma Force = mass x acceleration


Can be written as: F=ma ; a= F/m ; m= F/a

What is the basic unit for mass? Kilogram What is the basic unit for acceleration? Meter/sec/sec Therefore the basic unit for Force is (kilogram)( meter/sec/sec) An object with a mass of 1 kg accelerating at 1 m/s/s has a force of 1 Newton

Newtons 2nd Law & Force of Gravity


Everyone has heard of the FORCE of gravity Gravity: the force that pulls objects towards each other Since gravity is a force it also obeys Newtons second law F=ma

Since objects fall at the same speed, their acceleration is the same. All objects accelerate at the rate. Here on Earth the rate is: Ag=9.8 m/s2

Or Ag=32 ft/s2

With this experiment, Galileo proved Aristotle wrong

Air resistance keeps things from falling equally

With this experiment, Apollo 15 astronauts proved Galileo right. (link to You Tube)

Newtons 2nd Law & Weight

F=ma

Weight is the force of gravity acting on an objects mass. Therefore weight is a type of Force Remember: 1 newton = 0.22 pounds The formula for weight: Weight = mass x Ag Since Ag= 9.8 m/s2 then Weight = mass x 9.8 m/s2 Got it? I hope so its a ding-a-ling!

Your weight on other planets & 3 different types of stars

Newtons 3 Laws of Motion

Newtons 3rd Law of Motion:

For every action there is an equal & opposite reaction.

If an object is not in motion, then all forces acting on it are balanced and the net force is zero! Friction the force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other.

Sliding friction

Fluid friction

Rolling friction

Momentum

An objects momentum is directly related to both its mass and velocity. Momentum = mass x velocity For some reason, maybe because mass is designated as m in formulas, momentum is designated as p. Therefore:

p = mv

The unit for mass is kg, the unit for velocity is meter/second, therefore the unit for momentum is kg m/sec Conservation of Momentum:

When two or more objects interact (collide) the total momentum before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision

Concept Map

Momentum 2 moving objects

During this collision the speed of both box cars changes. The total momentum remains constant before & after the collision. The masses of both cars is the same so the velocity of the red car is transferred to the blue car.

Momentum 1 moving object

During this collision the speed red car is transferred to the blue car. The total momentum remains constant before & after the collision. The masses of both cars is the same so the velocity of the red car is transferred to the blue car.

Momentum 2 connected objects

After this collision, the coupled cars make one object w/ a total mass of 60,000 kg. Since the momentum after the collision must equal the momentum before, the velocity must change. In this case the velocity is reduced from 10 m/sec. to 5 m/sec.

Lets call it a day. Take a break. See you Later!

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