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Linux FHS

This document discusses Linux file systems and disk management. It covers partitioning disks using fdisk, creating file systems with mkfs, maintaining integrity with df and fsck. It also covers controlling access with chmod, creating links with ln, the root file system structure, boot runlevels, and shutting down systems. The document contains an agenda and slides on these topics for a presentation on the Linux File System Hierarchy Standards.

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165 views18 pages

Linux FHS

This document discusses Linux file systems and disk management. It covers partitioning disks using fdisk, creating file systems with mkfs, maintaining integrity with df and fsck. It also covers controlling access with chmod, creating links with ln, the root file system structure, boot runlevels, and shutting down systems. The document contains an agenda and slides on these topics for a presentation on the Linux File System Hierarchy Standards.

Uploaded by

mailtopvvk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LINUX

File system Hierarchy Standards

28-Apr-14

Presenters Name

Agenda

What is FHS? Partitions File system & integrity Control access Symbolic link Root file system init levels shutdown

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Disk Drives Under Linux

Integrated Device Electronics (IDE)


/dev/hda Primary master IDE /dev/hdb Primary slave IDE /dev/hdc Secondary master IDE (CD-ROM) /dev/hdd Secondary slave IDE Only two disk drives for single IDE( total four)

Small Computer System Interface (SCSIscuzzy)



28-Apr-14

/dev/sda First SCSI drive /dev/sdb Second SCSI drive /dev/sdc Third SCSI drive Up to 15 devices on a single bus

Presentation Name

Disk Partitions
Primary partitions
/dev/hda1 /dev/hda4 One of these is active Contains logical partitions Only one exists on a single physical disk

Extended partitions

Logical partitions

1 to 12 partitions may be created Numbered from 5 to 16


/dev/hda1(primary) /dev/hda2(primary) /dev/hda3(extended) /dev/hda5(logical) /dev/hda6(logical)

Typical Example

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Managing partitions
fdisk
fdisk [device] Try for man fdisk Try for /sbin/fdisk l /dev/hda

Mkfs
mkfs [-t fs_type] [fs_options] device Try for man mkfs Options for fs_type are ext2, msdos For fs_options c(check),-v ..

Mkswap
Mkswap device Try for man mkswap mkswap /dev/hda5

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Maintain the Integrity


df
df [options] [directories] df h df i df . du du du du [options] [directories] s /home/user Ss /home/user -csh /home/*

du

fsck
fsck [options] [-t type] [fs-options] filesystems fsck /dev/hda1 fsck fv /dev/hda5

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Control File system


mount
Mount t msdos /dev/fd0 /floppy

umount umount [options] [device/directory] /etc/fstab


Device - /dev/hda1 Mount point - /, /home File system type
ext2,ext3,msdos,vfat,iso9660,nfs,swap,proc

Mount options
auto, defaults, user .

Dump frequency
1 for linux types 0 for others

Pass number for fsck


0,1,2 /(root mount) contains 1
28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Set and view disk quotas


Per user hard limit Per-user soft limit Per-group hard limit Per-group soft limit Grace period quota u [options] user quota g [options] group quotaon [options] [filesystems] quotaoff [options] [filesystems] edquota -u user

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Control Access to Files


User the user that owns the file Group the group that owns the file Other all other users on the system Octal representation rwxrwxrwx ---/---/--umask (usually 022) Chmod u+x, go-w, o+t, a=rw stat filename Form Symbolic Binary Octal
28-Apr-14

For Files rw-rw-rw110110110 6 6 6

For Directories rwxrwxrwx 111111111 7 7 7

Presentation Name

Symbolic modes
For chmod command Category User class Mode Description u g o a User Group Other All classes

operation

+ =

Take away permissions


Add permissions Set permission exactly Read permission Write permission Execute permission Execute permission for directories and files with another execute permission, but not plain files

permission r w x X
28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Setting up a Workgroup


28-Apr-14

Existing 3 or more users (project1..3) groupadd du2 usermod G du2 project1 (project2, project3) mkdir /home/du2 chgrp du2 /home/du2 chmod 770 /home/du2 chmod g+s,o+t /home/du2 su project1 cd /home/du2 touch file1 ls l file1 exit; su project2 cd /home/du2 rm file1

Presentation Name

Manage File Ownership


chown
chown [options] user-owner files chown v project2 file1

chgrp
Chgrp [options] group-owner files

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Create and Manage links


ln [options] file link ln [options] files directory Diff between hardlink & symbolic link find / -lname file1 which, locate updatedb, whatis, apropos

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

The root File system


/bin executable system commands /dev-device files,necessary to accessing disks,devices /etc configuration info unique to system at boot /lib shared libraries,kernel modules for initialization /mnt empty, used for temporary partitions /root - typical home directory for super user /sbin utilities for system administration /boot files for LILO /home files for system users /opt user for installation files of third party /tmp for temporary files, deleted upon every boot /usr hierarchy of executable programs, sharable read only files /var contains logs, mail and spool
28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Boot and Runlevels


See lilo.conf file See /etc/inittab 0 halt the system 1,s,S single user mode 2 multiuser mode with no NFS file sharing 3 full multiuser mode 4 Typically un used 5 Full multiuser mode with GUI 6 equal to 0(reboot) Try for init 1 Try for init 3

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Shutdown
shutdown [options] time [warning message] shutdown r now shutdown r +5 System maintenance is required shutdown h 2:30 shutdown h now

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

Summary
Partitions fdisk File systems mkfs Integrity df, du, fsck Control access chmod Links ln Locating locate, which, whatis Root file system initlevels - init

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

FHS

28-Apr-14

Presentation Name

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