Scribd
Upload
153 views

CSC 201-Lecture 11 Final

This document discusses static and instance methods in Java. It provides examples of how static methods can be called directly from the class without creating an object, while instance methods require an object to be created. It also discusses static variables and how they are associated with the class rather than objects. Finally, it covers exceptions in Java including try/catch blocks for handling exceptions at runtime.

Uploaded by

pavanil
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
153 views

CSC 201-Lecture 11 Final

This document discusses static and instance methods in Java. It provides examples of how static methods can be called directly from the class without creating an object, while instance methods require an object to be created. It also discusses static variables and how they are associated with the class rather than objects. Finally, it covers exceptions in Java including try/catch blocks for handling exceptions at runtime.

Uploaded by

pavanil
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

CSC 201

Lecture - 11
Static and Instance Methods
public class MainClass {
public void sort() Instance method
{
}
public static void testMethod() Static method
{
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{ Creating an object ‘m’
MainClass m = new MainClass();
m.sort();
testMethod();
}
Static and Instance methods
• Instance Methods: are associated with an object and use
instance variables of that object.
• Static methods: They use no instance variables of any
object of the class they are defined in. Static methods
take all data from parameters and perform computation.
• A non static method cannot be referenced from a static
context, whereas static method can be referenced from a
static context.
• Static methods or static fields are always class
members.
• Non-static methods and fields are always instance
members.
Another Example
class staticcheck{
public static void staticMethod() {}
public void nonStaticMethod() {}
}
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args){
staticcheck s = new staticcheck();
staticcheck.staticMethod();
s.nonStaticMethod();
}
}
Example
public class accessStaticMethod {
public static void staticMethod()
{
System.out.println(“Here is static method access”);
}
public void nonStaticMethod()
{
System.out.println(“Cannot access non-static method:”);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
staticMethod();
nonStaticMethod();
}
}
What happens when you write nonStaticMethod() ? How to overcome this problem?
Static Variables
• Usage: To define constants. Ex: Math.PI
• Usually programming languages have
global variables.
• In case of Java, we can define static class
variable in a class. A static variable like a
static method is not attached to an object.
• Each time you call the instance a new
value of the variable is provided.
Example-Static Variable
public class staticVariableDemo
{
static int num;
staticVariableDemo()
{
num++;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
staticVariableDemo inst1 = new staticVariableDemo();
System.out.println(“Valueof num is:”+inst1.num);
staticVariableDemo inst2 = new staticVariableDemo();
System.out.println(“Value of num with inst1 is:”+inst1.num);
System.out.println(“Value of num with inst2 is:”+inst2.num);
}
}
Agenda
• What is an exception?
• What happens when an exception occurs?
• How to catch these exceptions?
• Try catch block
• Rules in Exception Handling
• Sample programs – Exception Handling
Errors in Java
• There are two kinds of errors: Compile-time
errors and Run-time errors.
• Compile-Time errors: Syntax errors.
Ex: int num = 1
Error: No ‘;’.
• Run time errors: An error that occurs during
runtime.
Ex: Divide By Zero errors, Accessing the
elements of an array beyond its range, File not
found etc.
Exception example program
public class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("I want to show you a Runtime
error");
int num1 = 3, num2 = 0;
int result = num1 / num2;
System.out.println(result);
}
}
What is the output?
Sample Program
• What happens in the following scenario?

public static void main(String[] args)


{
int [] a= {1,2,3,4,5}; Array Index out of bounds?

for(int i =0; i < 6; i++)


System.out.println(“Elements of array a are
“+a[i]);
}
Default Exception Handling
Error messages displayed :

I want to show you a Runtime error


Exception in thread "main"
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at
DivideNumbers.Main.main(Main.java:15)
Default Exception Handling
Error message displayed for our Array program:
Elements of an array are:
1
2
3
4
5
Exception in thread "main"
java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 5
at ArrayCheck.Main.main(Main.java:16)
Exception
An exception is an event that occurs
during the execution of a program that
disrupts the normal flow of instructions.
Default Exception Handler
• Provided by Java runtime.
• Prints out exception description.
• Causes the program to terminate
Catching and Handling Exceptions
• Three exception handler components : the Try, catch
blocks– to write an exception handler.
• Try Block :
The first step in constructing an exception handler is to
enclose the code that might throw an exception within a
try block.
try {
// Lines of code which may possibly
// throw exception.
}
catch (Exception exceptionobject)
{
//Catches the error and explain the cause of the error.
}.
Example
int[] a = new int[5];
try {
System.out.println(a[-1]);
}
catch(Exception e) {}

If an exception occurs within a ‘try’ block, that


exception is handled by an exception handler
associated with it. To associate an exception
handler with a try block, you must put a ‘catch’
block after it.
Catch blocks
try {
______
______
} catch (ExceptionType name) {
} catch (ExceptionType name) {
}
• Each catch block is an exception handler and handles
the type of exception indicated by its argument.
• The catch block contains the code that is executed if and
when the exception handler is invoked.
• A single try block must have at least 1 or more catch
blocks.
Example try catch blocks
try {

}catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{ System.out.println(“File not found
exception:”);
} catch( IOException e)
{ System.out.println(“Caught IoException:”);
}

You might also like