2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential ROUTE 2 - 1 1

Configuring EIGRP
ROUTE Module 2-1 Introduction to EIGRP
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential ROUTE 2 - 1 2
Objectives
This module will cover topics which allow students to
meet the following objectives:
Describe the key capabilities that distinguish EIGRP from other
routing protocols
Identify the four key technologies employed by EIGRP
Describe how EIGRP operates
Describe the five components of the metric used by EIGRP
Calculate the EIGRP metric for a range of pathways between
routers
Explain how IGRP routes are integrated into EIGRP routes and
vice-versa
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential ROUTE 2 - 1 3
Purpose of this Lesson
Coverage of topics new to the EIGRP module of
ROUTE.
Whats new in this module?
EIGRP metric calculations for pathway ranges between routers.
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential ROUTE 2 - 1 4
EIGRP Features
There are several key differences with EIGRP from
other routing protocols which are explored in this
module.
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EIGRP Key Technologies
Neighbor discover/recovery
Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)
DUAL finite-state machine
Protocol-dependent modules (PDMs)
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The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
How does EIGRP determine
which routes are loop-free?
B with a cost of 10


Each of As neighbors is
reporting reachability to E:
C with a cost of 10
D with a cost of 30

These three costs are
called the reported
distance (RD); the
distance each neighbor is
reporting to a given
destination
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The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
At A, the total cost to reach
E is:
The best of these three
paths is the path through
B, with a cost of 20
20 through B
25 through C
45 through D
This is the feasible distance
(FD)
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The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
A uses the FD and the RD
to determine which paths
are loop-free
The best path (FD) is used
as a benchmark; all paths
with RDs lower than the FD
cannot contain loops
The algorithm may mark
some loop-free paths as
loops
However, it is guaranteed
never to mark a looped path
as loop-free
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The Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
At A:
The path through B is the
best path (FD), at 20
C can reach E with a cost
of 10; 10 (RD) is less than
20 (FD), so this path is
loop-free.
D can reach E with a
cost of 30; 30 (RD) is
not less than 20 (FD),
so EIGRP assumes
this path is a loop.
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential ROUTE 2 - 1 10
EIGRP Topology Table
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RTRA#show ip eigrp neighbors
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
2 10.1.1.1 Et0 12 6d16h 20 200 0 233
1 10.1.4.3 Et1 13 2w2d 87 522 0 452
0 10.1.4.2 Et1 10 2w2d 85 510 0 3
Seconds Remaining Before Declaring Neighbor Down
How Long Since the Last Time Neighbor Was Discovered
How Long It Takes for This Neighbor To Respond To Reliable Packets
How Long to Wait Before Retransmitting If No Acknowledgement
EIGRP Neighbor Status
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EIGRP IP Routing Table
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Example: EIGRP Tables
Router Cs tables:
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EIGRP Packets
Hello: Establish neighbor relationships.
Update: Send routing updates
Query: Ask neighbors about routing information
Reply: Respond to query about routing information
ACK: Acknowledge a reliable packet
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Initial Route Discovery
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EIGRP Metric
Same metric components as IGRP:
Bandwidth
Delay
Reliability
Loading
MTU
EIGRP metric is IGRP metric multiplied by 256
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EIGRP Metric Calculation
By default, EIGRP metric:
Metric = bandwidth (slowest link) + delay (sum of delays)
Delay = sum of the delays in the path, in tens of
microseconds, multiplied by 256.
Bandwidth = [10 / (minimum bandwidth link along the
path, in kilobits per second)] * 256
Formula with default K values (K1 = 1, K2 = 0, K3 = 1,
K4 = 0, K5 = 0):
Metric = [K1 * BW + ((K2 * BW) / (256 load)) + K3 * delay]
If K5 not equal to 0:
Metric = Metric * [K5 / (reliability + K4)]
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EIGRP Metrics Calculation Example
A B C D Least bandwidth 64 kbps Total delay 6,000
A X Y Z D Least bandwidth 256 kbps Total delay 8,000
Delay is the sum of all the delays of the links along the paths:
Delay = [delay in tens of microseconds] x 256
BW is the lowest bandwidth of the links along the paths:
BW = [10,000,000 / (bandwidth in kbps)] x 256
2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential ROUTE 2 - 1 19
EIGRP Metrics Are Backward-Compatible
with IGRP
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Summary
EIGRP capabilities include fast convergence and support for
VLSM, partial updates, and multiple network layer protocols.
EIGRP key technologies are: neighbor discovery/recovery, RTP,
DUAL finite-state machine, and protocol-dependent modules.
EIGRP uses three tables: neighbor table, topology table, and
routing table. The routing table contains the best route to each
destination, called the successor route. A feasible successor route
is a backup route to a destination; it is kept in the topology table.
EIGRP uses the same metric components as IGRP: delay,
bandwidth, reliability, load, and MTU.
By default, EIGRP metric = bandwidth (slowest link) + delay (sum
of delays).
EIGRP metrics are backward-compatible with IGRP; the EIGRP-
equivalent metric is the IGRP metric multiplied by 256.
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Self Check
What is a reported distance?
What is a feasible distance?
EIGRP uses three tables: name the three tables: __________,
____________, _____________. Which of the tables contains the
best route or successor route to each destination?
EIGRP uses what metrics? __________, _________, _________,
__________, ___________
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Resources
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09
186a008009405c.shtml
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09
186a0080093f07.shtml
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Q and A
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