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Epidemiology: Dr. Sheryl M. Reyes

Epidemiology is the study of disease frequency, distribution, and determinants in human populations. It examines characteristics of pathogens, susceptibility of populations, locations where pathogens exist, and how diseases are transmitted. Key terms include infectious diseases caused by pathogens, communicable diseases transmitted between humans like influenza and gonorrhea, and zoonotic diseases acquired from animals. Incidence refers to new cases in a population over time, while morbidity and mortality rates express new cases and deaths per population. Prevalence describes existing cases at a point or over a period. Diseases can be sporadic, endemic, epidemic, or pandemic depending on their occurrence within and between populations.

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Nilda Reyes
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54 views

Epidemiology: Dr. Sheryl M. Reyes

Epidemiology is the study of disease frequency, distribution, and determinants in human populations. It examines characteristics of pathogens, susceptibility of populations, locations where pathogens exist, and how diseases are transmitted. Key terms include infectious diseases caused by pathogens, communicable diseases transmitted between humans like influenza and gonorrhea, and zoonotic diseases acquired from animals. Incidence refers to new cases in a population over time, while morbidity and mortality rates express new cases and deaths per population. Prevalence describes existing cases at a point or over a period. Diseases can be sporadic, endemic, epidemic, or pandemic depending on their occurrence within and between populations.

Uploaded by

Nilda Reyes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Epidemiology

DR. SHERYL M. REYES


Epidemiology
Is the study of frequency , distribution and determinants of diseases
in human populations.
These factors include:
Charateristics of various pathogens
Susceptibility of different human populations
Locations( reservoirs) where pathogens are lurking
Ways in which infectious disease are transmitted
Concerned with the who, what , where, when and why of
infectious disease.


Epidemiologic terminology
Infectious Disease- disease that is caused by pathogen
Communicable and contagious Diseases
Communicable if the Infectious disease is transmissible
from one human to another. (i.e., person to person )
Contagious- a communicable disease that is easily
transmitted from one person to another

Example: influenza and gonnorhea


Epidemiologic terminology
Zoonotic Diseases
Diseases that human acquire form animal sources

Incidence and morbidity Rate
Incidence- number of new cases of that disease in a defined population during a specific period
of time
i.e., the number of new cases of pulmonary syndrome in the Philippines during 2013
Morbidity rate expressed as the number of new cases of a particular disease that occurred
during a specified time period per a specifically defined population
i.e., the number of new cases of a particular disease in 2013 per 100,000 Philippine population
Epidemiologic terminology
Prevalence
Period prevalence: number of cases of the disease existing in a given population during a specific time
period

Point prevalence : number of cases of the disease existing in a given population at a particular moment
in time
Mortality Rate
Mortality refers to death
Aka as the Death Rate
Ratio of the number of people who died of a particular disease during a specified time period per a
specified population
Epidemiological Distribution of
Diseases
1. sporadic
2. endemic
3. epidemic
4.pandemic

1. Sporadic
- one that occurs only OCCASIONALLY within the
population of a particular geographic area.

- certain diseases occur only sporadically because
they are kept under control as a result of
immunization programs and sanitary condition.

2. Endemic
- disease that are ALWAYS present within the
population of a particular geographic area.
- the number of disease may fluctuate over time but
the disease never dies out completely

3. Epidemic
-endemic disease may on occasion become epidemic
disease
- greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a
particular region, usually occurung within a relatively
short period of time
4. Pandemic
- is a disease that is occurring in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously-
sometimes worldwide.

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