BUSINESS SUPPORT

SYSTEM
BY:
TANMAY KUMAR
VIBHOR BHARDWAJ
PRABHAKAR KUMAR
GARGI MUKHOPADHYAY
KUMAR GAUTAM SINGH
INDIAN SCHOOL OF
MINES
DHANBAD
 DATA BASE
• A collection of related pieces of data:
• Representing/capturing the information about a
real-world enterprise or part of an enterprise.
• Collected and maintained to serve specific data
management needs of the enterprise.
• Activities of the enterprise are supported by the
database and continually update the database.
 An
Example:

• University Database:
– Data about students, faculty, courses, research-
laboratories, course registration/enrollment
etc.Reflects the state of affairs of the academic
aspects ofthe university.
• Purpose: To keep an accurate track of the
academic activities of the university.
Database Management System
(DBMS)
• A general purpose software system enabling:
– Creation of large disk-resident databases.
– Posing of data retrieval queries in a standard
manner.
– Retrieval of query results efficiently.
– Concurrent use of the system by a large number of
users in a consistent manner.
– Guaranteed availability of data irrespective of
system failures
 DBMS
• There are many different types of
DBMSs, ranging from small systems
that run on personal computers to huge
systems that run on mainframes.
The following are examples of database
applications:
– computerized library systems
– automated teller machines
– flight reservation systems
– computerized parts inventory systems
 WHY DBMS?
• Designed to manage a large body of information.
• Defining structures for storing information and
providing mechanisms for manipulating the
information.
• Provide for the safety of the stored information.
• Must avoid possible anomalous results due to
multiple users concurrently accessing the same
data.
Examples: Microsoft Access, MySQL, Microsoft
SQL Server, Oracle and FileMaker Pro
 OS File System Storage Based
Approach
• Files of records –used for data storage
– data redundancy –wastage of space
– maintaining consistency becomes difficult
• Record structures –hard coded into the programs
– structure modifications –hard to perform
• Each different data access request (a query)
– performed by a separate program
– difficult to anticipate all such requests
• Creating the system
– requires a lot of effort
• Managing concurrent access and failure recovery are
difficult
 DBMS Approach
• DBMS
– separation of data and metadata
– flexibility of changing metadata
– program-data independence
• Data access language
– standardized –SQL
– ad-hoc query formulation –easy
• System development
– less effort required
– concentration on logical level design is enough
– components to organize data storage process queries,
manage concurrent access, recovery from failures,
manage access control are all available
 HISTORY
• Databases have been in use since the earliest days of electronic
computing.
• Older systems were tightly linked to the custom databases in
order to gain speed at the expense of flexibility.
• Originally DBMSs were found only in large organizations with the
computer hardware needed to support large data sets.
1960s Navigational DBMS
 Charles Bachman founded the "Database Task Group" within CODASYL,
the group responsible for the creation and standardization of COBOL.
 IBM also had their own DBMS system in 1968, known as IMS.
1970s Relational DBMS
– Edgar Codd worked at IBM was involved in the
development of hard disk systems
– outlined a new approach to database
construction that eventually culminated in the
groundbreaking A Relational Model of Data for
Large Shared Data Banks.
End 1970s SQL DBMS
IBM started working on a prototype system
loosely based on Codd's concepts as System R.
 started on multi-table systems in which the data
could be split so that all of the data for a record did
not have to be stored in a single large "chunk“.
 COMPONENTS OF DBMS
• DBMS Engine: accepts logical request and converts
them into physical equivalent, and actually accesses the
database and data dictionary.
• Data Definition Subsystem: helps user to create and
maintain the data dictionary and define the structure.
• Data Manipulation Subsystem: helps user to add,
change, and delete information in a database and query
it for valuable information.
• Application Generation Subsystem: contains facilities
to help users to develop transactions-intensive
applications. It facilitates easy-to-use data entry screens,
programming languages, and interfaces.
• Data Administration Subsystem helps users to
manage the overall database environment
 TYPES OF DATABASE
1. Hierarchical
 hierarchical relationships between data i.e. parent - child.
 advantage of the management and programming aspects of
the products.
1. Network data model
 allowed complex data structures to be built but were inflexible
and required careful design.
 Very efficient in storage and fast however - best examples are
airline booking systems.
– Advantages
• Fast
• Efficient
– Disadvantages
• Inflexible
• Technically obsolete (although many in commercial use).
 ….contd
3. Relational data model
 use the Structured Query Language (SQL) to extract and
update data and conform as closely as possible to the
theoretical relational rules of normalization.
 Oracle, Sybase, Informix etc are examples
Advantages
• technical development effort ensures that advances e.g.
object orientation, web serving etc appear quickly and
reliably.
• Extremely well developed management tools and security
with automatic data logging and recovery.
Disadvantages
• employ many tables to conform absolutely to the various
normalization rules. This can make them slow and
resource hungry compared to more flexible systems. 
• SQL does not provide an efficient way to browse
alphabetically through an index. Thus some systems
cannot provide a simple title A-Z browse.
 FUNCTION OF DBMS
• Data Definition
• Data Manipulation
• Data Security & Integrity
• Data Recovery & Concurrency
• Data Dictionary Maintenance
• Performance
 Advantages of DBMS
• Redundancy is controlled
• Unauthorized access is restricted
• Providing multiple user interface
• Enforcing integrity constraint
• Providing backup and recovery.
 Uses of DBMS in
different sectors
• Banking
• Airlines
• Universities
• Credit card transactions
• Telecommunications
• Finance
• Sales
• Manufacturing
• Human Resources