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Stress Health N Coping

The document discusses stress, health, and coping. It defines stress and panic disorder, and describes the fight or flight response and how long-term stress can lead to exhaustion. It also discusses situational stressors, personality factors, locus of control, social support, and different types of coping strategies and stress management programs.

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Diyana Halim
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
107 views34 pages

Stress Health N Coping

The document discusses stress, health, and coping. It defines stress and panic disorder, and describes the fight or flight response and how long-term stress can lead to exhaustion. It also discusses situational stressors, personality factors, locus of control, social support, and different types of coping strategies and stress management programs.

Uploaded by

Diyana Halim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRESS, HEALTH AND

COPING
NURDIYANA ABD HALIM
COLLEGE OF FOUNDATION AND GENERAL STUDIES

PPYF103
STRESS PANIC DISORDER
Panic disorder: characterized by recurrent and
unexpected panic attacks.
The person become so worried about having
another panic attack that it interferes with normal
psychological functioning.
Panic attack: period of intense fear or discomfort
Pounding heart, sweating, trembling, shortness
of breath, feelings of choking, chest pain, nausea,
dizziness and fear of losing control.
STRESS PANIC DISORDER
Definition of Stress:
the anxious or threatening feeling that comes
when we interpret or appraise a situation as being
more than our psychological resources can
adequately handle (Lazarus, 1999)
P
R
I
M
A
R
Y

A
P
P
R
A
I
S
A
L
S

HARM/LOSS
THREATS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTOR
Primary Appraisals: initial/ subjective interpretation of a
potentially stressful situation (Lazarus, 1999 &2000)
PRIMARY APPRAISALS
HARM/LOSS
Have already
sustained
damage/injury
Elicits negative
emotions
More intense
ve emotions
are, more
stressful
situation will
seem
THREAT
Harm/loss not
yet taken place
but you know it
will happen in
the future
Elicits ve
emotions
Situation may
seems
especially
stressful
CHALLENGE
Have the potential
for gain but also
need to mobilize
your physical
energy and
psychological
resources to meet
the challenging
situation
Elicits positive
emotion; less
stressful
APPRAISAL TO AROUSAL
FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE
A. direct great resource of energy to muscle and brain

B. triggered by physical stimuli that threaten our
survival or psychological situation that are challenging
or threatening.

C. involve numerous psychological responses that
arouse and prepare body for action.


ACTIVATION OF FIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE
APPRAISAL
HYPOTHALAMUS
AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
FIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES.
Psychosomatic symptom:
Real and painful symptom caused
by increase physiological arousal
that result from psychological
factors such as worry, stress and
anxiety.

Eg. Stomach discomfort, muscle
pain, fatigue, headache, skin
disorder, eating disorder, asthma
, allergies, high bp, weak immune
system etc.
Psychosomatic Symptoms
DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOSOMATIC SYMPTOMS:
Genetic predisposition
Lifestyle
Threat appraisals
Psychosomatic symptoms
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
Continual
activation of fight-
flight response
General Adaptation
Syndrome (GAS)
General adaptation syndrome (GAS):
- bodys reaction to stressful situation

- Increase the chances of developing
psychosomatic symptom.
3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
1. Alarm Stage
Initial reaction to stress
Activation of fight-flight response (cause physiological
arousal)
2. Resistance stage
reaction to continued stress
most physiological responses return to normal
Body uses up great stores of energy
3. Exhaustion stage
long term, continuous stress
Actual breakdown in internal organ / weakening
immune system


General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
STRESSFUL EXPERIENCES
Situational stressor
Daily hassle:
Small irritating, frustrating event that we face
daily and that we usually appraise as stressful
experience.
Uplifts: those small pleasurable , happy and
satisfying experiences that we have in our daily
lives.

Major life event:
Potentially disturbing, troubling, disruptive
situation, both positive and negative, that we
appraise as having significant impact on our
life.
Eg. Marriage, divorce, baby, job, sickness
Situational stressor
Adjustment disorder:
Unable to cope with major life changes it include
emotional and behavioral symptom.

(depression, overwhelmed, poor performance,
reckless decision, aggressive)
Situational stressor
Frustration:
Awful feeling that resulted when you attempt to
reach something or goal is blocked

Burn out:
Being physically overwhelmed and exhausted,
finding the job unrewarding and becoming cynical
detached and developing strong sense of
ineffectiveness and lack of accomplishment in a
particular job (Maslach, 2003)
Situational Stressor
Violence:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD):
Disabling condition; fro personally experiencing an
event that involves actual/ threatened deathh/serious
injury/witnessing something.
Symptoms: recurring and disturbing memories, terrible
nightmares, intense fear and anxiety
Conflicts
Feeling of having to choose between 2 or more
incompatible options.

1. Approach (+) Approach (+) = both option is
pleasurable
2. Avoidance (-) Avoidance (-) = both options are not so
good
3. Approach (+) Avoidance (-) = single option having
both pleasurable and disagreeable outcome.
Styles of Dealing with Conflict
avoidance : avoid facing the problem

accommodation : give in to conflict to avoid
discrepancies

domination : do everything to win

compromise : manipulate and misrepresent to end
conflict

integration : finding the best possible solution for all- be
open and emphasize similarities.

TYPES OF STRESS
Eustress:
Pleasant and desirable type of stress that is
healthful and keep us engaged in situation.
Arouses and motivates us to achieve and
overcome challenges

TYPES OF STRESS
Distress
negative stress brought about by changes or
alterations in an individuals life.
anxiety, severe trauma or mental suffering
resulting from exhaustion or an accident.
Acute stress: short-term and caused by exposure
to trauma, such as rape, robbery, combat or
natural disaster.
Chronic stress: long-term stress that occurs
frequently and if not dealt with accordingly many
serious health problems may develop
TYPES OF STRESS
Hyperstress
is the type of stress that comes when a person is
forced to perform above their normal capacity.

Hypostress
happens when a person is constantly bored.
PERSONALITY & SOCIAL FACTORS
Hardiness:
Personality traits (control, commitment, challenge)
that protect us from harmful effect of stressful
situation and reduced the development of
psychosomatic illness.

Optimism:
Stable personality traits that lead to believing and
expecting that good thing will happen.

Pessimism:
Stable personality trait that lead to believing and
expecting that bad thing will happen
LOCUS OF CONTROL
Internal locus of control :
A belief that you are basically in control of life
event and what you do influence the situation
(you are in charge)

External locus of control:
A belief that chances and luck determine what
happen and that you have not much influence in
life (you are being control)
Social Support
Three factors
Having a group or network of family or friend who
provide strong social attachment
Being able to exchange helpful resources among
family and friend
and feeling or making appraisal that we have
support.
COPING
Kinds of Coping
Problem focused coping :
Try to decrease stress by solving the problem through
seeking information , changing our own behavior or
taking whatever action is needed to resolve
difficulties.

Emotion focused coping:
We do things that primarily to deal with our
emotional distress, such as seeking
support and sympathy or avoiding or denying
the situation.

Stress Management Program
Uses variety of strategies to reduce anxiety, fear and
stressful experience by changing three different
aspect of lives:
Thought (appraisal)
Behavior
Physiological responses

Changing Thoughts
Use challenge appraisals
Substitute positive self-statements
Changing Behaviours
Emotion-focused coping; in short term serves to
reduce stress by decreasing negative emotion
feelings.
Problem-focused coping ; better for long run
Learning to Relax
Biofeedback
Voluntarily learning to control physiological
responses by recording and displaying responses
Progressive Relaxation
Practicing tensing and relaxing the major muscle
group until able to relax any muscle at will
Transcendental Meditation / yoga
Removing all worrisome/ stressful thoughts and
replacing them with peaceful ones.

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