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Straight Lines 2 - Gradient

This document provides information about straight line graphs and their equations. It begins by outlining learning objectives for different grade levels involving plotting graphs, finding gradients, and solving problems using straight line graphs. It then presents tables to complete for various linear equations like y=x, y=-x, y=3x, and y=2x. It explains that the coefficient of x in the equation tells the gradient (steepness) of the line. It provides examples of finding the gradient between two points and the formula for calculating it given two points. Finally, it summarizes that the gradient m and y-intercept c can be positive or negative for any straight line equation in the form y=mx+c.

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Selva Raj
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88 views

Straight Lines 2 - Gradient

This document provides information about straight line graphs and their equations. It begins by outlining learning objectives for different grade levels involving plotting graphs, finding gradients, and solving problems using straight line graphs. It then presents tables to complete for various linear equations like y=x, y=-x, y=3x, and y=2x. It explains that the coefficient of x in the equation tells the gradient (steepness) of the line. It provides examples of finding the gradient between two points and the formula for calculating it given two points. Finally, it summarizes that the gradient m and y-intercept c can be positive or negative for any straight line equation in the form y=mx+c.

Uploaded by

Selva Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Straight Lines

Objectives:
E Grade Plot the graphs of straight lines such as
x = 3 and y = 4
Complete a table of values for equations
such as y = 3x + 1 and draw the graph
D Grade Solve problems involving graphs, such as finding
where the line y = x +3 crosses the line y = 2
C Grade Recognise the equations of straight line graphs
such as y =
-
3x + 1
Find the gradients of straight line graphs
Prior knowledge: Plot co-ordinates in all four quadrants
Straight Lines
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -10
x
y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
Complete the table for
the equation y = x
x -3 -1 0 1 3
y
x -3 -1 0 1 3
y
x -3 -1 0 1 3
y
x -3 -1 0 1 3
y
Complete the table for
the equation y =
-
x
Complete the table for
the equation y = 3x
Complete the table for
the equation y = 2x
-
3
-
1 0 1 3
3 1 0
-
1
-
3
-
6
-
2 0 2 6
-
9
-
3 0 3 9
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
The Gradient of
a straight line
Straight Lines
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -10
x
y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
What do you notice about these straight lines?
y = x
y = 2x
y = 3x
y = -x
They are not parallel
- they have different
gradients
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Straight Lines
We look at the gradient more closely:
y = x





0 1 2 3 4 5 6
5

4

3

2

1


if x = 1 then y = 1
So we say :
every time we go across 1
we go up 1
x
x
if x = 2 then y = 2
Straight Lines
y = 2x





0 1 2 3 4 5 6
5

4

3

2

1


if x = 1 then y = 2
So we say :
every time we go across 1
we go up 2
x
x
if x = 2 then y = 4
if x = 0 then y = 0
x

Straight Lines
y = 3x





0 1 2 3 4 5 6
5

4

3

2

1


if x = 1 then y = 3
So we say :
every time we go across 1
we go up 3
x
x
if x = 2 then y = 6
if x = 0 then y = 0
x

Straight Lines
y =
-
x





0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2

1

0

-
1

-
2
if x = 1 then y =
-
1
So we say :
every time we go across 1
we go down 1
x
x
if x = 2 then y =
-
2
if x = 0 then y = 0
x
positive gradient
A positive coefficient for x
negative gradient
A negative coefficient for x
e.g. y = x, y = 2x, y = 3x
e.g. y =
-
x, y =
-
2x, y =
-
3x
Straight Lines
To summarise for the gradient of a line:
The coefficient of x tells us the gradient of a straight line
(how steep it is)
y = 2x
y = 3x
y =
-
x
y = x
A gradient of 1 every time we go across 1 we go up 1
A gradient of 2 every time we go across 1 we go up 2
Steeper than a gradient of 1
A gradient of 3 every time we go across 1 we go up 3
Steeper than a gradient of 2
A gradient of
-
1 every time we go across 1 we go down 1
A negative gradient
Straight Lines
To summarise for any straight line:
For any equation in the form y = mx + c
The variable m can be + or -
m is the gradient
c is the y-intercept
Straight Lines
Finding the gradient for the line that passes through two pairs of
coordinates:
The gradient is the same at every point on the straight line.
To find the gradient between two points find how much it has
gone up and compare this with how much it has gone across.
x
x
How much up (y-direction)
How much across (x-direction)
difference in y
difference in x
gradient =
Straight Lines
Find the gradient for the line that passes through (2,1) and (5,7)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -10
x
y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
x
x
difference in y
7 1 = 6
difference in x 5 2 = 3
gradient =
6
3
= 2
In general terms we can say
(2,1) is (x
1
,y
1
)
and (5,7) is (x
2
,y
2
)
Therefore:

Gradient = y
2
- y
1
x
2
- x
1

Now do these:
Straight Lines
12 - 0
4 - 0
= 3
4 - 0
12 - 0
=
1
3
0 - 5
5 - 0
=
-
1
7 - 5
7 - 3
=
1
2
-
4 - 5
-
2 - 4
=1
1
2
Straight Lines
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -10
x
y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
Complete the table for
the equation y = x
x -3 -1 0 1 3
y
x -3 -1 0 1 3
y
x -3 -1 0 1 3
y
x -3 -1 0 1 3
y
Complete the table for
the equation y =
-
x
Complete the table for
the equation y = 3x
Complete the table for
the equation y = 2x
Worksheet 1

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