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Solid Modeling Presentation

The document discusses different modeling techniques used in CAD software. It focuses on constructive solid geometry (CSG) modeling which uses boolean operations to combine primitive shapes into complex geometries. CSG models are represented by a tree structure that stores the history of operations. While powerful, CSG has limitations in the shapes it can represent. The document also briefly introduces boundary representation which stores edge and face information but is more computationally intensive.

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Nilesh Rana
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296 views

Solid Modeling Presentation

The document discusses different modeling techniques used in CAD software. It focuses on constructive solid geometry (CSG) modeling which uses boolean operations to combine primitive shapes into complex geometries. CSG models are represented by a tree structure that stores the history of operations. While powerful, CSG has limitations in the shapes it can represent. The document also briefly introduces boundary representation which stores edge and face information but is more computationally intensive.

Uploaded by

Nilesh Rana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Recall weakness of wireframe and surface

modeling
Ambiguous geometric description
incomplete geometric description
lack topological information
Tedious modeling process
Awkward user interface
To learn how to generate solid models in
CAD
To understand how to use solid modeling
in the design process

Solid modeling is based on complete, valid
and unambiguous geometric
representation of physical object.
Complete points in space can be
classified.(inside/ outside)
Valid vertices, edges, faces are connected
properly.
Unambiguous there can only be one
interpretation of object

Analysis automation and integration is possible
only with solid models has properties such as
weight, moment of inertia, mass.
Solid model consist of geometric and topological
data
Geometry shape, size, location of geometric
elements
Topology connectivity and associativity of geometric
elements non graphical, relational information
Autocad: Initial input defines distances
Inventor: A changeable parameter defines the
position and length of each point


Parts do not have to be redrawn when a design
variable is changed late in the design process.

Automatically updating models make it easy to create
and compare several different configurations.
Any changes made to the 3D model automatically are updated
in the projections
Sketch
Part: .ipt
Assembly: .iam
Drawing: .idw

3D CAD files can be emailed to 3D rapid prototyping
facilities, who will then mail back a plastic part
Yes, model yourself and your personal action figure may soon
arrive at your door!!!

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) which analyzes stress in parts
is taught in MAE150 and MAE133.
Interference between parts can also be calculated.
Great Visualization
Automatic and updating drawings
Model is parametric
Rapid Prototyping
3D Analysis

1. Constructive solid geometry (CSG)
2. Boundary representation (B-rep)
3. Spatial enumeration
4. Instantiation.



Objects are represented as a combination of
simpler solid objects (primitives).
The primitives are such as cube, cylinder, cone,
torus, sphere etc.
Copies or instances of these primitive shapes
are created and positioned.
A complete solid model is constructed by
combining these instances using set specific,
logic operations (Boolean)
Boolean operation
each primitive solid is assumed to be a set of
points, a boolean operation is performed on
point sets and the result is a solid model.
Boolean operation union, intersection and
difference
The relative location and orientation of the two
primitives have to be defined before the
boolean operation can be performed.
Boolean operation can be applied to two solids
other than the primitives.
Union
The sum of all points in each of two defined
sets. (logical OR)
Also referred to as Add, Combine, Join, Merge
A B
A B
Difference
The points in a source set minus the points
common to a second set. (logical NOT)
Set must share common volume
Also referred to as subtraction, remove, cut
Constructive solid geometry
(CSG)- boolean operation
A - B
A B
intersection
Those points common to each of two defined
sets (logical AND)
Set must share common volume
Also referred to as common, conjoin
Constructive solid geometry
(CSG)- boolean operation
A B
A B
When using boolean operation, be careful to
avoid situation that do not result in a valid
solid
Constructive solid geometry
(CSG)- boolean operation
A B
A B
Boolean operation
Are intuitive to user
Are easy to use and understand
Provide for the rapid manipulation of large
amounts of data.
Because of this, many non-CSG systems
also use Boolean operations
Data structure does not define model shape
explicitly but rather implies the geometric shape
through a procedural description
E.g: object is not defined as a set of edges & faces but
by the instruction : union primitive1 with primitive 2
This procedural data is stored in a data structure
referred to as a CSG tree
The data structure is simple and stores compact
data easy to manage
CSG tree stores the history of applying
boolean operations on the primitives.
Stores in a binary tree format
The outer leaf nodes of tree represent the
primitives
The interior nodes represent the boolean
operations performed.

+
-
More than one procedure (and hence database)
can be used to arrive at the same geometry.

-
CSG representation is unevaluated
Faces, edges, vertices not defined in explicit
CSG model are always valid
Since built from solid elements.
CSG models are complete and
unambiguous
CSG is powerful with high level
command.
Easy to construct a solid model
minimum step.
CSG modeling techniques lead to a
concise database less storage.
Complete history of model is retained and can
be altered at any point.
Can be converted to the corresponding
boundary representation.
Only boolean operations are allowed in the
modeling process with boolean operation
alone, the range of shapes to be modeled is
severely restricted not possible to construct
unusual shape.
Requires a great deal of computation to derive
the information on the boundary, faces and
edges which is important for the interactive
display/ manipulation of solid.

CSG representation tends to accompany
the corresponding boundary
representation hybrid representation
Maintaining consistency between the two
representations is very important.

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