Scribd
Upload
166 views

CH 5-2 Quantum Mechanical Model

1) The Bohr model of the atom proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels called orbits corresponding to a principal quantum number n. Electrons can move between orbits by absorbing or emitting quanta of energy in the form of photons. 2) Quantum mechanics describes the atom using wave functions and probability distributions rather than defined orbits. Electrons occupy regions of space called orbitals and their locations are probabilistic rather than certain. 3) Electrons exist in principal energy levels corresponding to the principal quantum number n. Within each level are smaller sublevels (s, p, d, f orbitals) that further specify the electron configuration and energies.

Uploaded by

eherrerahghs
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
166 views

CH 5-2 Quantum Mechanical Model

1) The Bohr model of the atom proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels called orbits corresponding to a principal quantum number n. Electrons can move between orbits by absorbing or emitting quanta of energy in the form of photons. 2) Quantum mechanics describes the atom using wave functions and probability distributions rather than defined orbits. Electrons occupy regions of space called orbitals and their locations are probabilistic rather than certain. 3) Electrons exist in principal energy levels corresponding to the principal quantum number n. Within each level are smaller sublevels (s, p, d, f orbitals) that further specify the electron configuration and energies.

Uploaded by

eherrerahghs
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

5-2 QUANTUM THEORY OF THE ATOM

 Bohr Model of the Atom


 Used to explain why AES was set of discontinuous
lines of specific frequencies (color).
 Proposed that Hydrogen atoms have only certain
allowable energy states based on Planck’s and
Einstein’s quantized energy.
 Ground state- lowest allowable energy states of an atom.
 Excited state- atom gains energy; H atoms can have
many different excited states although it contains 1 e-.
 Electrons move around a H atom in circular orbit
 Orbits equal to a principal quantum number n, where
n=1 is lowest nrg level, closest to nucleus.
BOHR MODEL OF THE ATOM

 Orbits/ levels are like rungs in


n =6 step ladder
n =5  Cannot stand b/w rungs, e-
n =4 can’t exist b/w levels (orbits).
 E- move from 1 orbit to the
n =3
next emitting or absorbing
certain amts of nrg (quanta).
n =2  The smaller the e- orbit, the lower
the energy state/level
 The larger the e- orbit, the higher
n =1 the energy state/level

nucleus
BOHR MODEL OF THE ATOM
 Hydrogen’s Line Spectrum (AES)
 At n= 1 H atom is in ground state
 When nrg is added, e- moves to higher energy level,
n=2 (excited state).
 E- drop back to lower energy level n=1 and emitts a
photon equal to the difference b/w levels.
A photon is
emitted with E=
hυ

A photon is
absorbed
HYDROGEN’S LINE SPECTRUM
 Lines which show up have specific energies which correspond
to a frequency of a color of light.

A photon is
n emitted with
6
5 E= hυ for
4 each
E= 4.85 x 10-19 J
frequency
Energy of Hydrogen Atom

3
E= 3.03 x 10-19 J
2

1
5-2 QUANTUM THEORY AND THE
ATOM
 Quantum mechanical model is the modern
atomic model and comes from
A. Louis De Broglie: radiation (energy) behaves like
particles and vice versa.
1. All particles w/ a mass have wave characteristics
2. E- move around nucleus in a wave-like manner
B. Heisenberg uncertainty principle- impossible
to know both the velocity and position of an e- at
the same time.
C. Shrodinger: e-’s energy are limited to certain
Photon
values (quantum)
Photon but does not predict path
wavelength
1. Treated e-’s as waves changes
2. Created wave function = predicts probability of finding
Before After
e- in a volume of space (location)

Moving Electron
Electron velocity changes
HYDROGEN’S ATOMIC ORBITALS
 Shrodinger’s wave eqn predicts atomic orbitals
 Atomic orbital - 3D regions around the
nucleus that describes the e-’s probable
location.
a. atomic orbital = fuzzy cloud
b. Do not have a defined size
c. Shape = volume that contains 90% of the
probable location of e-’s inside that region.
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL
 Like Bohr, electrons occupy space
surrounding nucleus and exist in several
principal energy levels = principal
quantum number (n)
 Relative size and energies of atomic orbital
 n = 1,2, 3, etc. = period
 Principal nrg levels consist of energy
sublevels with different nrg values.
 Energy sublevels – shape of the atoms’ orbitals
s = spherical
p = dumbbell
d, f= different shapes
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL
 Principal energy levels have specific allowed
sublevels - shapes.

s p d f 4

s p d 3

s p 2
s n= 1
 s sublevel is lower in energy and f has higher
energy
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL
 Sublevels consist of orbitals of different
orientation.
 Orbitals in same sublevel are = in energy (no matter
orientation)
 Orbitals only hold 2e- maximum with opposite spins (+
or – spins).
Sublevel Orientations/ Orbitals Max
# e-
s 1 2
p 3 6
d 5 10
f 7 14

You might also like