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Hardy Cross XX

This document discusses the Hardy-Cross method for solving water distribution systems. It explains that the Hardy-Cross method iterates to find flow rates where the head loss around any loop in the system is equal to zero. The method involves dividing the system into independent loops, calculating a resistance coefficient for each pipe, assuming initial flow rates, calculating flow corrections for each loop, and applying the corrections in an iterative process until flows converge. An example problem demonstrates applying the Hardy-Cross method to a two loop system with six pipes.

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256 views17 pages

Hardy Cross XX

This document discusses the Hardy-Cross method for solving water distribution systems. It explains that the Hardy-Cross method iterates to find flow rates where the head loss around any loop in the system is equal to zero. The method involves dividing the system into independent loops, calculating a resistance coefficient for each pipe, assuming initial flow rates, calculating flow corrections for each loop, and applying the corrections in an iterative process until flows converge. An example problem demonstrates applying the Hardy-Cross method to a two loop system with six pipes.

Uploaded by

prajmen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

1

CTC 450 Review


Friction Loss
Over a pipe length
Darcy-Weisbach (Moodys diagram)
Connections/fittings, etc.
2
Objectives
Know how to set up a spreadsheet to
solve a simple water distribution system
using the Hardy-Cross method

3
Pipe Systems
Water municipality systems consist of many
junctions or nodes; many sources, and many
outlets (loads)
Object for designing a system is to deliver
flow at some design pressure for the lowest
cost
Software makes the design of these systems
easier than in the past; however, its
important to understand what the software is
doing


4
Two parallel pipes
Given 2 pipes how will Q distributed
into the 2 pipes?
Each pipe has a length, friction factor
and diameter
Head loss going through each pipe has
to be equal


5
Two parallel pipes
f
1
*(L
1
/D
1
)*(V
1
2
/2g)= f
2
*(L
2
/D
2
)*(V
2
2
/2g)

Rearrange to:
V
1
/V
2
=[(f
2
/f
1
)(L
2
/L
1
)(D
1
/D
2
)]
.5



This is one equation that relates v1 and v2; what is the other?







6
Hardy-Cross Method
Qs into a junction=Qs out of a
junction
Head loss between any 2 junctions
must be the same no matter what
path is taken (head loss around a loop
must be zero)


7
Steps
1. Choose a positive direction (CW=+)
2. # all pipes or identify all nodes
3. Divide network into independent loops
such that each branch is included in at
least one loop
8
4. Calculate K for each pipe
Calc. K for each pipe
K=(0.0252)fL/D
5
For simplicity f is usually assumed to
be the same (typical value is .02) in all
parts of the network

9
5. Assume flow rates and
directions
Requires assumptions the first time
around
Must make sure that Q
in
=Q
out
at each
node

10
6. Calculate Q
t
-Q
a
for each
independent loop
Q
t
-Q
a
=-KQ
a
n
/n |Q
a
n-1
|
n=2 (if Darcy-Weisbach is used)
Q
t
-Q
a
=-KQ
a
2
/2 |Q
a
n-1
|
Q
t
is true flow
Q
a
is assumed flow
Once the difference is zero, the
problem is completed

11
7. Apply Q
t
-Q
a
to each pipe
Use sign convention of step one
Q
t
-Q
a
(which can be + or -) is added to
CW flows and subtracted from CCW
flows
If a pipe is common to two loops, two
Q
t
-Q
a
corrections are added to the pipe
12
8. Return to step 6

Iterate until Q
t
-Q
a
= 0


13
Example Problem

2 loops; 6 pipes

By hand; 1 iteration
By spreadsheet
14
15
16
Hardy-Cross Solution to example problem
2-loops (6 pipes)
Lng (ft) Dia. (ft)
AB K'= 306 AB 2500 0.33
BD K'= 7.7 BC 3500 0.42
DE K'= 5.7 DC 6000 0.50
EA K'= 368 BD 2000 0.67
BC K'= 140 ED 1500 0.67 f= 0.02
CD K'= 97 AE 3000 0.33
DB K'= 7.7
Loop 1 Loop 2
Iteration Qa-b Qb-d Qd-e Qe-a Qb-c Qc-d Qdb correction correction Qa-b Qb-d Qd-e Qe-a Qb-c Qc-d Qdb
1 0.70 0.40 0.30 0.80 0.30 0.70 0.40 0.08 0.16 0.78 0.32 0.22 0.72 0.46 0.54 0.32
2 0.78 0.32 0.22 0.72 0.46 0.54 0.32 0.00 -0.01 0.78 0.33 0.22 0.72 0.45 0.55 0.33
3 0.78 0.33 0.22 0.72 0.45 0.55 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.33 0.22 0.72 0.45 0.55 0.33
4 0.78 0.33 0.22 0.72 0.45 0.55 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.33 0.22 0.72 0.45 0.55 0.33

Corrected Loop 2 Loop 1 Loop 2 Corrected Loop 1
17
Next Lecture
Equivalent Pipes
Pump Performance Curves
System Curves

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