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King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

This document discusses Sir Isaac Newton and his three laws of motion that form the basis of modern mechanics. It then provides explanations and examples of: 1) Newton's three laws of motion - the law of inertia, the law of force and acceleration, and the law of action and reaction. 2) How to draw free-body diagrams and kinetic diagrams to analyze forces and motion. 3) Equations for various motion problems involving forces like gravity, springs, friction, and systems of particles. Worked examples demonstrate applying Newton's laws to calculate accelerations.

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TommyVercetti
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

This document discusses Sir Isaac Newton and his three laws of motion that form the basis of modern mechanics. It then provides explanations and examples of: 1) Newton's three laws of motion - the law of inertia, the law of force and acceleration, and the law of action and reaction. 2) How to draw free-body diagrams and kinetic diagrams to analyze forces and motion. 3) Equations for various motion problems involving forces like gravity, springs, friction, and systems of particles. Worked examples demonstrate applying Newton's laws to calculate accelerations.

Uploaded by

TommyVercetti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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King Fahd University of

Petroleum & Minerals


Mechanical Engineering
Dynamics ME 201
BY
Dr. Meyassar N. Al-Haddad
Lecture # 11

Sir Isaac Newton
1642-1727
Proposed fundamental
laws that are the basis
of modern mechanics
3 laws of motion
law of gravitation
Newtons laws
Law of inertia a body in motion will stay in motion and a body at rest will
stay at rest unless acted upon by a net external force.

Law of force-acceleration A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F
experiences an acceleration a that has the same direction as the force
and a magnitude that is directly proportional to the force


Law of action-reaction for every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction mg = F
N

Law of gravitation - all bodies are attracted to one another with a force
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional
to the square of the distance between them.
2
2 1
r
m m
G F =
a m F =
13.2 The Equation of Motion


Free-Body diagram
(Force Diagram)
Kinetic diagram
(acceleration Diagram)

= a F m
13.3 Equation of Motion for a System of
Particles
i i i i
m
m
a f F
a F
= +
=


=
=
G
i i i
m
m
a F
a F
Internal forces cancel each other
13.4 Equations of Motion: Rectangular
Coordinates
When the net force is
projected to separate
coordinate axes the
Newtons second law
still holds

+ + = + +
=
) k j i ( k j i
a F
z y x z y x
a a a m F F F
m

=
=
=
z z
y y
x x
ma F
ma F
ma F

Free Body Diagram Method
Draw each object separately
Draw all the forces acting on that object
Get x and y components of all the forces to
calculate the net force
Apply Newtons second law to get
acceleration
Use the acceleration in any motion analysis
and establish a Kinetic Diagram
ma
Normal & Frictional Force
F
F
f
F
N
Action-Reaction forces
- mg = F
N
mg

Static Friction (
s
)
Static friction parallel force on the
surface when there is no relative motion
between the 2 objects
Static friction force can vary from zero to
Maximum

The coefficient of static friction
is material dependent.

Static
F
f
=
s
F
N
Dynamic
F
f
=
k
F
N
Applied external force
F
r
i
c
t
i
o
n


Kinetic Friction (
k
)
Kinetic friction parallel force on the
surface when there is relative motion
between the 2 objects
Kinetic friction force is always the same

The coefficient of Kinetic friction
is material dependent.

N k
F F
f
=
Static
F
f
=
s
F
N
Dynamic
F
f
=
k
F
N
Applied external force
F
r
i
c
t
i
o
n

Spring Force
Spring force


k : spring stiffness (N/m)
s : stretched or
compressed length
ks F
s
=
o
l l s =
o
l
l
s
m = 2 kg
y = 1m
smooth
a = ?
ma F mg
s
= u sin
| = =
= = = =
2
21 9 sin
9 0 53 cos x 5 . 0 x 3 cos cos
m/s .
m
ks
g a
N . ks F N
s
c
ma
=
Example 13-4
0 cos = + u s c F N
= =
= + =

13 53
75 0
1
tan
5 0 75 0 75 0 1
1
2 2
.
.

m . . . S
=
x
y mg
N
N
k

Problem
N N
N
369
0 20 cos 81 . 9 40
=
=
; 0 =
y
F

=
x x
ma F
ma mg N
k
= u sin
0 cos = u mg N
2
/ 66 . 5
40 20 sin 81 . 9 40 ) 369 ( 25 . 0
s m a
a
x
x
=
=
a = ?
Example 13-5
m
A
= 3 kg
m
B
= 5 kg
From rest
v
B
= ? In 2 second

= +
y y
ma F
A
a T 3 2 981 =
Block A

= +
y y
ma F
B
a T 5 2 . 196 =
Block B
l s s
B A
= + 2 0 2 = +
B A
u u 0 2 = +
B A
a a
t a
B o
+ =u u
Same
Same

should be


V
A
= ?

2S
c
+ S
A
= L
0 = 2a
c
+ a
A
a
A
= -2a
c

=
c a
c
c
x
y
a mg T N ma F
N N N F
200 30 sin 2 5 . 0 :
1699 0 30 cos 81 . 9 * 200 : 0
= + =
= = =

Problem
mg
A ma
) / ( 62 . 4 2 s m s a V
A A
= =
) 2 ( 125 25 . 1226
125 81 . 9 * 125
=
= =

A
A A
a T
a T ma Fy
=
N T s m a s m a
a a
a a
a a
A
A
A
c
c c
c
c
1004 ) / ( 777 . 1 ) / ( 888 . 0
500 200
250 200 622
200 981 ) 125 25 . 1226 ( 2 5 . 849
) 1 ( ) 2 (
2 2
= = =
+ =
=
= +

Review
Example 13.1
Example 13.2
Example 13.3
Example 13.4

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