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Parasitology

Parasitologyscience that deals with the study of organism that depends on another organism for the purpose of procuring food and securing protection parasites host Types of host Final or definitive hostharbors the adult stage of the parasite ex. Man, dog, cat intermediate host - harbors larval stage of parasite First intermediate host - early larval stage. Reservoir host - host that ensures the continuity of the life cycle of parasite and acts as an additional source of infection ex. Rodent,

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1K views15 pages

Parasitology

Parasitologyscience that deals with the study of organism that depends on another organism for the purpose of procuring food and securing protection parasites host Types of host Final or definitive hostharbors the adult stage of the parasite ex. Man, dog, cat intermediate host - harbors larval stage of parasite First intermediate host - early larval stage. Reservoir host - host that ensures the continuity of the life cycle of parasite and acts as an additional source of infection ex. Rodent,

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blue_blooded23
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Parasitology

 Parasitology- science that deals


with the study of organism that
depends on another organism for
the purpose of procuring food and
securing protection
 parasites
 host
Types of host
 Final or definitive host- harbors the adult
stage of the parasite ex. Man, dog, cat
 Intermediate host- harbors the larval
stage of the parasite
 First intermediate host- harbors the early larval
stage of the parasite ex. snail
 Second larval stage- harbors the infective larval
stage of the parasite ex. Fish, vegetables
 Reservoir host- host that ensures the
continuity of the life cycle of the parasite and
acts as an additional source of infection ex.
Rodent, pigs
 Paratenic host- harbors the parasites in an
arrested state of development. However the
parasite is capable of continuing its life cycle in
a suitable host ex. Prawn, crab
Host- Parasite
Relationship
 Parasitism
 Mutualism
 Commensalism
 Symbiosis
Factors affecting
transmission of
diseases
 The source of infection
 An effective mode of transmission
and portal of entry
 The presence of susceptible host
 Successful entry of the infective
stage of the parasite
Sources of infection
 Soil- ex. Ascaris
 Snail- trematodes
 Arthropods-mosquito
 Animal/food borne- trichinella,
taenia solium
 Contact- trichomonas
 autoinfection
Mode of entry
 Mouth- ingestion, intimate oral contact
 Skin- larval penetration, bite of
arthropod
 Others
– Genitals- trichomonas vaginalis
– Nose/intranasal- naegleria, enterobius
– Transplacental- toxoplasma gondii
Life cycle
 Development of the parasite
which involves the survival and
development in the external
environment and in one or more
host
Diagnosis
 Clinical diagnosis- diagnosis
based on the recognition of the
characteristic signs and
symptoms of the infection.
 Laboratory diagnosis- diagnosis
on the identification of the
parasites in the different
specimens.
Distribution of
Diseases
 Endemic- when a disease in human
population maintains a relatively steady,
moderate level.
 Epidemic- there is a sharp rise in the
incidence or an out-break of disease.
 Hyperendemic- if the prevalence of a
disease in a community is high.
 Sporadic- if the disease appears only
occasionally in one or few members of the
society.
 Pandemic- when the disease covers
extensive area of infection.
Prevention and Control
 Reduction of the sources of infection in
human beings via therapeutic measures.
 Education in personal prophylaxis to
prevent dissemination of infection and to
reduce the opportunities of exposure.
 Sanitary control of water, food and proper
waster disposal
 Destruction or control of reservoir host and
vectors.
 Erection of biological barriers to the
transmission of parasites.
Classification of
Parasites
 According to habitat
- endoparasite
- ectoparasite
 According to the effect to the host
- pathogenic
- non pathogenic
 According to the mode of living
- obligate- takes permanent residence and
completely dependent on the host for
existence.
- facultative- capable of parasitic and free
living under favorable condition.
- incidental- one that establishes itself in a
host which it does not ordinarily lives
- temporary- free living during
part of existence and seeks only
its host intermittenly to obtain
nourishment
- permanent- remains in or out of
the body of the host from early
life to maturity.

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