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Flexible AC Transmission System Overview

The document discusses Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) which use power electronics to control power flow and increase transmission capacity. It describes several types of FACTS controllers including STATCOMs, TCSCs, and UPFCs. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is highlighted as it can control both voltage and impedance to affect both active and reactive power flow. The document provides details on how a UPFC operates to increase transmission line capacity and direct selected power flows while regulating voltage and damping oscillations on the power grid.

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29 views

Flexible AC Transmission System Overview

The document discusses Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) which use power electronics to control power flow and increase transmission capacity. It describes several types of FACTS controllers including STATCOMs, TCSCs, and UPFCs. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is highlighted as it can control both voltage and impedance to affect both active and reactive power flow. The document provides details on how a UPFC operates to increase transmission line capacity and direct selected power flows while regulating voltage and damping oscillations on the power grid.

Uploaded by

balaplcautomation
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flexible AC Transmission

System Overview
Flexible AC Transmission
System
Alternating current
transmission systems
incorporating power
electronics-based and
other static controllers
to enhance
controllability and
increase power transfer
capability
Constraints on Useable
Transmission Capacity
Dynamic:
Transient and dynamic stability
Subsynchronous oscillations
Dynamic overvoltages and undervoltages
Voltage collapse
Frequency collapse
Steady-State:
Uneven power flow
Excess reactive power flows
Voltage capability
Thermal capability
FACTS Controllers
Static VAR Compensator - SVC
Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator - TCSC
Thyristor Controlled Phase Angle Regulator - TCPAR
Static Synchronous Compensator - StatCom
Solid State Series Compensator - SSSC
Unified Power Flow Controller - UPFC
US FACTS Installations
San Diego G&E/
STATCOM/100 MVA
Mitsubishi
Eagle Pass (Texas)
Back-to-back HVDC
37 MVA/ ABB
CSWS (Texas)
STATCOM/ 150 MVA
/ W-Siemens
Austin Energy
STATCOM/ 100MVA
ABB
AEP/ Unified Power
Flow Controller
/100 MVA/ EPRI
TVA
STATCOM/ 100MVA
EPRI
Northeast Utilities/
STATCOM/ 150 MVA/
Areva (Alstom)
NYPA/ Convertible
Static Compensator/
200 MVA
Vermont Electric/
STATCOM/ 130
MVA/ Mitsubishi
Power transfer between areas can be
affected by adjusting the net series
impedance.
Transmission line capability can be
increased by installing a series capacitor
which reduces the net series impedance.
Power Flow Control
UPFC
UPFC
may control voltage, impedance, and angle
impacts active and reactive power flow in line
Basic Operation
UPFC Capabilities
Increase transmission line capacity
Direct power flow along selected lines
Powerful system oscillation damping
Voltage support and regulation
Control of active and reactive power flow
at both sending- and receiving-end
Operation
Reactive power is generated or
absorbed by the shunt inverter to
control bus voltage
Reactive power is generated or
absorbed by the series inverter to
control the real and/or reactive power
flow on the transmission line
Contd
A portion of the real power flow on the
transmission line is drawn from the bus by
the shunt inverter to charge the DC
capacitor.
Real power is inserted into the line through
the series inverter.
jX
S
V
R
V
SR
P
sin
S R
SR
V V
P
X

Power flow in a transmission line
To increase P
SR
, increase
and
R S
V V jXI
jXI
S
V
R
V

A
V
B
V
inj
V
-
+
A
V
inj
V
B
V

jX
S
V
R
V
SR
P
R
V

inj
V
-
+

sin
S R
SR
V V
P
X



jXI
inj
V
S
V
R
V


How is V
inj
created?
V
+ b
1

a
2

a
1

b
2

c
1

c
2

V
+
b
1

a
2

a
1

b
2

c
1

c
2

a
1
on, b
1
on, c
1
off
V
ab
=0, V
bc
=V, V
ca
= -V
a
1
on, b
1
off, c
1
off
V
ab
=V, V
bc
=0, V
ca
= -V
V
+
a
1
b
1
c
1

c
2
b
2
a
2

V
+
a
1
b
1
c
1

c
2
b
2
a
2

a
1
on, b
1
off, c
1
on
V
ab
=V, V
bc
=-V, V
ca
= 0
Sine-triangle PWM
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
0
0.5
1
V
a
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
0
0.5
1
V
b
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
-1
0
1
V
a
b

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