Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

G
X’ MER X’ MER

ACB
ACB B C ACB ACB

ACB ACB MCCB MCCB SDF SDF B C ACB

Folienthema/Folie 1/Jahreszahl
TO TO TO TO TO TO
CCP MCC1 MCC2 ETP EM. UTILITY
LIGHT MCC

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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Typical Transformer specifications

Rating 1000 kVA

Primary Voltage 11 kV
Secondary Voltage 440 Volts
%ge Impedance 5 %
Vector Group DYn11
Typical Generator specifications

G Rating 1000 kVA

Folienthema/Folie 2/Jahreszahl
Voltage 440 Volts
%ge Impedance 16 %

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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

How to calculate system fault level

T/F rating 1000 kVA
IFL of the transformer 1391 amps kVA x 1000
1.732 x 415

Isc of the transformer 27,825 amps IFL

0.05

So the fault level at T/F terminals works out to be 27.8 kA

Folienthema/Folie 3/Jahreszahl
Similarly the fault level at the generator terminal works out to be 8.7 kA

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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Effects of addition of T/F in parallel

T/F rating 1000 kVA
IFL of the transformer 1391 amps kVA x 1000
1.732 x 415

Isc of the transformer 55,650 amps IFL

2 x 0.05

So the fault level at T/F terminals works out to be 55.7 kA

Folienthema/Folie 4/Jahreszahl
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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Considerations for the fault level calculations

1. What is the size of the transformer

2. How many transformers are in parallel
3. Size of the Captive Generator, if used
4. Are all these units used in parallel ?
5. Any large size motor fed from the main bus ?

Folienthema/Folie 5/Jahreszahl
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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Criterion for Breaker selection

1. Full load current of the transformer / Generator

2. Fault level at the point of installation
3. Other issues such as –
1. 3 pole / 4 pole
2. Manual / motorized
3. Type of the release

Folienthema/Folie 6/Jahreszahl
4. Any other points ….

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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Terminologies associated with breakers …

1. ICMRated “making” capacity (expressed as peak value)

2. ICU Rated “ultimate” breaking capacity (expressed as rms value)
3. ICS Rated “service” breaking capacity (expressed as rms value)
4. ICW Rated “short time withstand” capacity (expressed as rms value)
5. ICC Rated “short time withstand” capacity for non automatic breakers
(expressed as rms value)

Folienthema/Folie 7/Jahreszahl
Test sequence –
ICU = O – t – CO (t = 3 min)
ICS = O – t – CO – t - CO (t = 3 min)

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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Types of breakers …

1. Medium of arc quenching - Oil

- Air,
- Vacuum

2. Principle of operation - Current zero type of breakers

- Current limiting breakers

Folienthema/Folie 8/Jahreszahl
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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

What is current limiting ?

A principle where short circuit current

is interrupted before it reaches the Prospective
i current
“first peak”.

Current limitation
in to Sentron VL

Folienthema/Folie 9/Jahreszahl
4 ms 10 ms t

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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Advantages of current limiting

1. Faster fault clearing Prospective

i current
2. Lower let through value
3. Devices subjected to lesser stresses
4. Enhanced protection levels with Current limitation
“Cascading” in to Sentron VL

Folienthema/Folie 10/Jahreszahl
5. Proper “Discrimination” possible
4 ms 10 ms t

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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

What is “Cascading” ?

Cascading refers to the technique of series connection of

protective devices,which results in enhanced breaking capacity.

Folienthema/Folie 11/Jahreszahl
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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

What is “Cascading” ?

3VL, 630 A ,45 kA

Isc = 40 kA

VL160X, 100A, 40 kA

Folienthema/Folie 12/Jahreszahl
VF100, 100A, 18 kA
Isc = 35 kA

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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Cascading U p s tre a m
M C C B fra m e
B r.C a p .
(Ic u ) D o w n s tr e a m M C C B f r a m e

Chart V F100
18 kA
V L160x
40 kA
V L160x
40 kA
V L160
40 kA
V L250
40 kA
V L250
40 kA
V L400
45 kA
R e le a s e TM TM TM TM / E TU TM / E TU TM / E TU TM / E TU
R a t in g s 100A 100A 160A 160A 200A 250A 315A
V F100 TM 18 kA 100A
40 kA 100A
V L160x TM
70 kA 100A
40 kA 160A
V L160x TM
70 kA 160A
40 kA 160A
V L160 TM / E TU
70 kA 160A
40 kA 200A 40 kA
V L250 TM / E TU
70 kA 200A 50 kA
40 kA 250A 40 kA 40 kA
V L250 TM / E TU
70 kA 250A 50 kA 70 kA

Folienthema/Folie 13/Jahreszahl
45 kA 315A 45 kA 45 kA
V L400 TM / E TU
70 kA 315A 50 kA 70 kA
45 kA 400A 45 kA 45 kA 45 kA 45 kA
V L400 TM / E TU
70 kA 400A 50 kA 70 kA 70 kA 70 kA
45 kA 630A 45 kA 45 kA 45 kA 45 kA 50 kA 50 kA
V L630 TM / E TU
70 kA 630A 50 kA 70 kA 70 kA 70 kA 70 kA 70 kA
50 kA 800A 50 kA 50 kA 50 kA 50 kA 50 kA 50 kA 50 kA
V L800 E TU
70 kA 800A 50 kA 70 kA 70 kA 70 kA 70 kA 70 kA 70 kA

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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

What is “Discrimination” ?

Discrimination implies that the protective devices

closest to the point of fault will operate in the quickest possible
manner to avoid any wide spread shut down.

Folienthema/Folie 14/Jahreszahl
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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

What is “Discrimination” ?

3VL, 630 A ,45 kA

Isc = 40 kA

VL160X, 100A, 40 kA

Folienthema/Folie 15/Jahreszahl
VF100, 100A, 18 kA
Isc = 35 kA

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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Types of Discrimination

1. Current based 1. Partial Discrimination

2. Time based 2. Total Discrimination
3. Energy based
4. Logic based (ZSI)

Folienthema/Folie 16/Jahreszahl
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 Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

U p s t re a m B r. C a p .
Discrimination M CCB
fra m e
( Ic u )
D o w n s tr e a m M C B / M C C B f r a m e

Chart 5 S X4
10 kA
5 S X4
10 kA
5 S X4
10 kA
V F100
18 kA
V L160x
40 kA
V L160x
40 kA
V L250
40 kA
V L250
40 kA
R e le a s e TM TM TM TM TM TM TM / E TU TM / E TU
R a t in g s u p to 2 0 A 25 / 32A 40 - 63A 100A 100A 160A 200A 250A
V F100 TM 18 kA 100A 3 .8 k A 3 .0 k A 2 .1 k A
40 kA 100A 10 kA 9 .1 k A 4 .8 k A
V L160x TM
70 kA 100A 10 kA 9 .1 k A 4 .8 k A
40 kA 160A 10 kA 9 .1 k A 4 .8 k A 12 kA
V L160x TM
70 kA 160A 10 kA 9 .1 k A 4 .8 k A 12 kA
40 kA 200A 10 kA 10 kA 6 .5 k A 18 kA 25 kA
V L250 TM / E TU
70 kA 200A 10 kA 10 kA 6 .5 k A 18 kA 25 kA
40 kA 250A 10 kA 10 kA 6 .5 k A 18 kA 25 kA 25 kA
V L250 TM / E TU
70 kA 250A 10 kA 10 kA 6 .5 k A 18 kA 25 kA 25 kA
45 kA 315A 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 18 kA 40 kA 40 kA 32 kA 26 kA
V L400 TM / E TU
70 kA 315A 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 18 kA 40 kA 40 kA 32 kA 26 kA

Folienthema/Folie 17/Jahreszahl
45 kA 400A 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 18 kA 40 kA 40 kA 32 kA 26 kA
V L400 TM / E TU
70 kA 400A 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 18 kA 40 kA 40 kA 32 kA 26 kA
45 kA 630A 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 18 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA
V L630 TM / E TU
70 kA 630A 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 18 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA
50 kA 800A 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 18 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA
V L800 E TU
70 kA 800A 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 18 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA

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