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Pengantar Teknik Kimia (CHS) : "Introduction To Chemical Engineering"

The document provides an introduction to chemical engineering. It discusses trends in the chemical industry, including expanding from bulk to molecular processing and moving from raw materials to consumer products. It defines chemical engineering as applying science, math, and engineering principles to convert raw materials into useful forms. A chemical engineer works in the chemical industry to design and operate plants that convert raw materials into products. The history of chemical engineering is discussed, noting early pioneers and the establishment of chemical engineering programs in the late 1800s. The role of chemical engineers has expanded beyond just process engineering to include developing new materials and technologies.

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Rioneli Ghaudenson
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45 views28 pages

Pengantar Teknik Kimia (CHS) : "Introduction To Chemical Engineering"

The document provides an introduction to chemical engineering. It discusses trends in the chemical industry, including expanding from bulk to molecular processing and moving from raw materials to consumer products. It defines chemical engineering as applying science, math, and engineering principles to convert raw materials into useful forms. A chemical engineer works in the chemical industry to design and operate plants that convert raw materials into products. The history of chemical engineering is discussed, noting early pioneers and the establishment of chemical engineering programs in the late 1800s. The role of chemical engineers has expanded beyond just process engineering to include developing new materials and technologies.

Uploaded by

Rioneli Ghaudenson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pengantar Teknik Kimia

(CHS)
Introduction to Chemical Engineering
Lecture -1

Dewi Tristantini

Departemen Teknik Kimia


Universitas Indonesia

Course Content

Chemical Industry trends


What is an engineer?
What is chemical engineering?
What is a chemical engineer?
History of chemical engineering

Chemical Industry trends

Typical Chemical plants

Current trends in application of


Chem Eng

Expanding the Scope in Chemical


Supply Chain

From Bulk to
MolecularProcessing

Raw Materials to Consumer Products

Natural Herbs to Healthcare Products

Chemical product tree

Source: Gani, 2004

What is Chemical Engineering


and Chemical Engineer

What is an engineer?

Engineering is the art of directing the great


sources of power in nature for the use and
convenience of man -Thomas Tredgold, 1828

Engineers find and implement solutions for the


needs of society that are economically,
environmentally and morally sound.

What is Chemical Engineering


Processes:
Making chemicals and pharmaceuticals
Processing polymers and foodstuffs
Energy generation
Wastewater treatment
Environmental clean-up

Process Design:
Inventing a new process
Designing the equipment for a process
Operating a process
Improving a process

Products:
Chemicals - petrol, ammonia, methanol
Polymers - polythene, PVC, synthetic fibres
Consumer products - shampoo, washing powder
Foodstuffs - ice cream, chocolate, beer
Pharmaceuticals - paracetamol, penicillin

Product Design:
Choosing a product for an application
Designing the product
Improving the product

Transformations:
Chemical reactions
Changes in physical state (e.g. melting, boiling)
Mixing and separating
Biosynthesis

Lengthscales:
Molecular level - how molecules behave and
react
Process level - how transformations can be
performed
Plant level - how processes can be put
together
Global level - logistics, management, the
environment
Many subjects:
Pure science
Engineering
Information technology
Economics
Management
Entrepreneurship
Safety, health and the environment

What is Chemical Engineering


The current definition of Chemical Engineering is "the
profession in which knowledge of mathematics, physics,
chemistry and biology, gained by study, experience, and
practice, is applied with judgment to develop economic
and safe ways of using materials to benefit mankind."
Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that
deals with the application of physical science (e.g.
chemistry and physics), with mathematics, to the process
of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful
or valuable forms. In addition to producing useful materials,
chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering
valuable new materials and techniques, an important form
of research and development. A person employed in this
field is called a chemical engineer.

View of Chemical Engineering

What is Chemical Engineer


In the field of engineering, a chemical engineer is the profession in
which one works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic
raw materials into a variety of products, and deals with the design and
operation of plants and equipment to perform such work.[1] In general,
a chemical engineer is one who applies and uses principles of chemical
engineering in any of various practical applications; primarily with
respect to the study of the design, manufacture, and operation of plant
and machinery in industrial chemical and related processes..
Historically, the chemical engineer has been primarily concerned with
process engineering. The modern discipline of chemical engineering,
however, encompasses much more than just process engineering.
Chemical engineers are now engaged in the development and
production of a diverse range of products, as well as in commodity and
specialty chemicals. These products include high performance
materials needed for aerospace, automotive, biomedical, electronic,
environmental and military applications. Examples include ultra-strong
fibers, fabrics, adhesives and composites for vehicles, bio-compatible
materials for implants and prosthetics, gels for medical applications,
pharmaceuticals, and films with special dielectric, optical or
spectroscopic properties for opto-electronic devices. Additionally,
chemical engineering is often intertwined with biology and biomedical
engineering. Many chemical engineers work on biological projects such
as understanding biopolymers (proteins) and mapping the human
genome.

A chemical engineer is more


than a chemist

Typical chemical engineer role

Chemical Engineering History

History of Chemical Engineering


1805 John Dalton published Atomic Weights, allowing chemical equations to
be balanced and the basis for chemical engineering mass balances.
1882 a course in Chemical Technology is offered at University College,
London
1883 Osborne Reynolds defines the dimensionless group for fluid flow,
leading to practical scale-up and understanding of flow, heat and mass
transfer
1885 Henry E. Armstrong offers a course in chemical engineering at
Central College (later Imperial College, London).
1888 Lewis M. Norton starts a new curriculum at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT): Course X, Chemical Engineering
1889 Rose Polytechnic Institute awards the first bachelors of science in
chemical engineering in the US.
1891 MIT awards a bachelors of science in chemical engineering to William
Page Bryant and six other candidates.
1892 A bachelors program in chemical engineering is established at the
University of Pennsylvania.
1901 George E. Davis produces the Handbook of Chemical Engineering
1905 the University of Wisconsin awards the first Ph.D. in chemical
engineering to Oliver Patterson Watts.
1908 the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is founded.
1922 the UK Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) is founded.
1942 Hilda Derrick, first female student member of the IChemE.

The Fathers of Chemical


Engineering

Carnot, Sadi. (1824). Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire.


Clausius, Rudolf. (1850). On the Motive Power of Heat
George Davis (1850-1907). Founder of the profession
and the concept of unit operations.

The first text book in 1923

ChE - a Unique Position


100
80
60
40
20
0

East
West
North
1st
Qtr

3rd
Qtr

CPI Trend
Historically, the chemical process industry (CPI) has
been the major employer of chemical engineers. The
CPI was comprised primarily of manufacturers of basic
and specialty chemicals, petroleum products, polymers,
synthetic textiles, pulp and paper products, etc..

Currently, the CPI is undergoing a rapid transformation,


influenced by a number of factors including: increasingly
stringent safety and environmental regulations;
expansion of fine chemical, pharmaceutical, and
biological chemical sectors; increased focus on product
engineering approaches; increased emphasis on
sustainable growth and process reliability; uncertainties
in the energy sectors, and many others.

Process-Centered Company to
Product-Centered Company

Source: Stephanopoulos, 2004

Source: Stephanopoulos, 2004

Thank You

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