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Exercises 1 - Examen

Tipos de sistemas operativos, examen, chapter 1

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Antonio Antunez Barbosa
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245 views

Exercises 1 - Examen

Tipos de sistemas operativos, examen, chapter 1

Uploaded by

Antonio Antunez Barbosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Exercises for Chapter 1:

Characterization of Distributed Systems

From Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair

Distributed Systems:
Concepts and Design
Edition 5, Addison-Wesley 2012

Exercise 1.1

Give five types of hardware resource and five types of


data or software resource that can usefully be shared.
Give examples of their sharing as it occurs in practice
in distributed systems.
pages 2, 14

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.2

How might the clocks in two computers that are linked


by a local network be synchronized without reference
to an external time source? What factors limit the
accuracy of the procedure you have described? How
could the clocks in a large number of computers
connected by the Internet be synchronized? Discuss
the accuracy of that procedure.
page 2

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.3

Consider the implementation strategies for massively


multiplayer online games as discussed in Section
1.2.2. In particular, what advantages do you see in
adopting a single server approach for representing the
state of the multiplayer game? What problems can you
identify and how might they be resolved? page5

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.4

A user arrives at a railway station that she has never


visited before, carrying a PDA that is capable of
wireless networking. Suggest how the user could be
provided with information about the local services and
amenities at that station, without entering the stations
name or attributes. What technical challenges must be
overcome?
page 13

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.5

Compare and contrast cloud computing with more


traditional client-server computing? What is novel
about cloud computing as a concept? Pages 13,14

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.6

Use the World Wide Web as an example to illustrate


the concept of resource sharing, client and server.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of HTML,
URLs and HTTP as core technologies for information
browsing? Are any of these technologies suitable as a
basis for client-server computing in general?
Pages 14,16

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.7

A server program written in one language (for example


C++) provides the implementation of a BLOB object
that is intended to be accessed by clients that may be
written in a different language (for example Java). The
client and server computers may have different
hardware, but all of them are attached to an internet.
Describe the problems due to each of the five aspects
of heterogeneity that need to be solved to make it
possible for a client object to invoke a method on the
server object.
page 16
Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.8

An open distributed system allows new resource


sharing services such as the BLOB object in Exercise
1.7 to be added and accessed by a variety of client
programs. Discuss in the context of this example, to
what extent the needs of openness differ from those of
heterogeneity.
page 17

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.9

Suppose that the operations of the BLOB object are


separated into two categories public operations that
are available to all users and protected operations that
are available only to certain named users. State all of
the problems involved in ensuring that only the named
users can use a protected operation. Supposing that
access to a protected operation provides information
that should not be revealed to all users, what further
problems arise?
page 18
Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.10

The INFO service manages a potentially very large set


of resources, each of which can be accessed by users
throughout the Internet by means of a key (a string
name). Discuss an approach to the design of the
names of the resources that achieves the minimum
loss of performance as the number of resources in the
service increases. Suggest how the INFO service can
be implemented so as to avoid performance
bottlenecks when the number of users becomes very
large.
page 19
Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.11

List the three main software components that may fail


when a client process invokes a method in a server
object, giving an example of a failure in each case.
Suggest how the components can be made to tolerate
one anothers failures.
page 21

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.12

A server process maintains a shared information


object such as the BLOB object of Exercise 1.7. Give
arguments for and against allowing the client requests
to be executed concurrently by the server. In the case
that they are executed concurrently, give an example
of possible interference that can occur between the
operations of different clients. Suggest how such
interference may be prevented.
page 22

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.13

A service is implemented by several servers. Explain


why resources might be transferred between them.
Would it be satisfactory for clients to multicast all
requests to the group of servers as a way of achieving
mobility transparency for clients?
page 23

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

Exercise 1.14

Resources in the World Wide Web and other services


are named by URLs. What do the initials URL denote?
Give examples of three different sorts of web
resources that can be named by URLs. Page 26

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

15

Exercise 1.15

Give an example of an HTTP URL. List the main


components of an HTTP URL, stating how their
boundaries are denoted and illustrating each one from
your example. To what extent is an HTTP URL
location-transparent? page 26

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012

16

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