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Effective Planning and Procedure For Green Building's Stormwater Design

The document summarizes a student's master's thesis defense on planning and procedures for stormwater design in green buildings. The thesis outlines the student's research objectives of identifying commonly used BMPs for green buildings and establishing an effective planning procedure for stormwater design. It then reviews literature on BMPs and stormwater credits in LEED and Greenroads certification. The thesis presents a planning procedure and evaluates it using two case studies, one for an office renovation and one for a pavilion building. It finds that the procedure allows projects to meet stormwater quantity and quality requirements for LEED certification.

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Nhan Do
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27 views

Effective Planning and Procedure For Green Building's Stormwater Design

The document summarizes a student's master's thesis defense on planning and procedures for stormwater design in green buildings. The thesis outlines the student's research objectives of identifying commonly used BMPs for green buildings and establishing an effective planning procedure for stormwater design. It then reviews literature on BMPs and stormwater credits in LEED and Greenroads certification. The thesis presents a planning procedure and evaluates it using two case studies, one for an office renovation and one for a pavilion building. It finds that the procedure allows projects to meet stormwater quantity and quality requirements for LEED certification.

Uploaded by

Nhan Do
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Masters Thesis Defense

Effective Planning and Procedure


for Green Buildings Stormwater Design
Student: Bui Tuan Anh N66997013
Advisor: Professor. Andrew S. Chang
December 22, 2011

Outlines
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Factors affecting BMP Selection
4. Common BMPs used in Green Buildings

5. Data & Procedure for Planning Stormwater Design


6. Case Project Studies

7. Difficulties & Solutions


8. Conclusions
2

1. Introduction

Objectives

Research Objectives and Scope

1. Identify BMPs that are commonly used


for green buildings
2. Establish a procedure for effective planning in
green buildings stormwater design

3. Identify difficulties for projects to earn credits of


stormwater design in LEED & Greenroads

Scope

Green Building stormwater design, two case


studies in the U.S. and Greenroads comparison
3

Research Process
1. Review literature
2. Analyze factors
affecting BMP selection
3. Survey studies to define
common BMPs used in
green buildings

6. Establish a
procedure for
planning in
stormwater
design

7. Use two case


studies to
examine the
established
procedure

4. Find data and equations


for LEED & Greenroads
5. Compare LEED &
Greenroads in
stormwater design

8. Propose difficulties and


solutions for
stormwater design
4

2. Literature Review
2.1 Best Management Practices (BMPs)
BMPs
Structural BMPs
1. DryBioretention
extended-detention pond
2.
Wet ponds BMPs refer to physical
Structural
3. Infiltration basins
structures
designed to remove
4. Infiltration trenchs
5.
Permeable pavements
pollutants
from stormwater runoff,
6. Bioretention
reduce
downstream
erosion,
7. Sand & organic
media filters
8.
Constructed wetlands
provide
flood control, and
9. Grassed swales
promote
groundwater recharge.
10. Vegetated filter strips
11. Catch basins/Catch basins inserts
12.
Rain typically
barrels and cisterns
They
require engineering
13. Manufactured products for stormwater inlet
design.
14. Greenroofs
15. Rain gardens
16. Dry wells

16

Greenroof

Non-structural BMPs
17. Alum injection
18.
Buffer zones
Non-structural
BMPs include a
19. Open space design
range
pollution prevention,
20. Urbanof
forestry
21.
Conservationmanagement
easements
education,
and
22. Infrastructure planning
development
practices
23. Narrower residential
streets designed to
24.
Curbthe
cutsconversion of rainfall into
limit
25. Green parking
runo.
26. Alternative turnarounds
27. Alternative pavers
28.
BMPnormally
inspection &do
maintenance
They
not have
29. Ordinances for post-construction runoff
technical
30. Zoning or engineering designs
31. Modular treatment system
32. Dynamic vortex separators

16

Permeable
Pavement

Stormwater
Wetlands

Grassed swale

2.2 Low Impact Development (LID)

LID is developed from BMPs. This is a stormwater management strategy


and emphasizes on design to mimic the natural hydrology for the site

Practices
LID
Design
strategy
6

2.3 Stormwater Design Credits in LEED


35 pts
26 pts

14 pts

10 pts

SS

WE

Stormwater
Objectives
Design

Allocation of points in 7 categories of LEED

EA

MR

15 pts

IEQ

6 pts

4 pts

ID

RP

1. SS 6.1- Stormwater design: Quantity control


(1 point)
2. SS 6.2- Stormwater design: Quality control
(1 point)
7

2.4 Stormwater Design Credits in LEED

Requirements: Determine the quantity volume and peak flow rate in


postdevelopment condition that are equal to or less than those in
predevelopment condition, for 1-year, and 2-year 24-hour design storm.

2.5 Stormwater Design Credits in Greenroads


EW - 3
2

Runoff
control
Runoff flow
quality

The goal
goalof
ofthis
thiscredit
creditisisto
toimprove
mimic predevelopment
hydrological
conditions
The
water quality (80%
volume treated
within3
the right oflevels)
way (ROW)
and minimize
stormwater
control.
treatment
of stormwater
runoffoffsite
leaving
the roadway
ROW.

ROW

3.1 Factors
for BMP
selection
3. Factors
affecting
BMP
selection
3.1 Sources to define factors
America

Europe

No.

Australia

East Asia
DID, MAS
10

4. Common BMPs used in Green Buildings


2. LEED
projects

1. USEPA
1. USEPA

- 32 BMPs (including structural and non-structural BMPs) were proposed in 2003.


- 6 common BMPs used according to a report of ASLA in 2011.

BMPs
1. Grassed swales
2. Bioretention (including rain garden)
3. Permeable pavement
4. Rain barrels and cisterns
5. Curb cuts
6. Greenroofs

Used (%)
62
52
47
45
38
17

479 case
studies
from
43 states

6
11

2. LEED projects
Percentage of projects earning
Number of
SSreviewed
6.1 & SSLEED
6.2 projects
LEED version

100 %
v2.0
v2.1
v2.2
Project 90
Available80
289
1,202
3,038
With case70study only
65
47
15
60 are removed due to missing information.
11 projects
51 %
50
41 %
40
30 %
30
20
10
0
Certified
Silver
Gold

96 %

v3

Total

0
0

4,529
127

116

Platinum

12

Common BMPs used in Green Buildings


LEED Projects

BMPs
1. Permeable Pavement

76

2. Bio/Grassed Swales

42

3. Bioretention/Rain garden

42

4. Rain Barrel & Cistern

38

5. Greenroof

34

6. Curb cuts

20

7. Extended Detention pond

19

8. Wet Pond

16

9. Sand/Vegetated filter

14

10. Constructed Wetland

14

11. Open space design

12. Infiltration basin

13. Catch basin

14. Restored Riparian buffer

15. Infiltration trench

10

13

5. Data & Procedure for Planning Stormwater Design


5.1 Equations and Data needs for LEED
1. Runoff coefficients for different surface types and for the site.
3. Peak flow rate for the site. Peak Flow Rate [Q] = C I A

[C] = (Ci Ai) Ai

Website provides rainfall data: www.cwb.gov.tw (Taiwan)


2. Runoff volume is often calculated
by the NRCS method
www.nws.noaa.gov
(U.S.)(1986).

0.2 2
Runoff volume [] =
+ 0.8
The value of S is related to the soil and surface characteristics of the drainage
area by the following equation:

1000
=
10

CN is the curve number, unitless. It has a range from 30 to 100. The low number
indicates the area has low runoff potential while large number means high
runoff potential.
14

5.1 Equations and Data needs for LEED


Climate zones and rainfall data
Climate zone Annual Precipitation (in) Estimated 90% of annual rainfall (in)
Humid
>40
1 over total site
Semiarid
20-40
0.75 over total site
Arid
<20
0.5 over total site

WQVH = (0.083 ft)A

Determine the
total rainfall
must be handled

WQVS = (0.063 ft)A


WQVA = (0.042 ft)A

% TSS removal
on the site

[%TSS] =

1 ( +

1 1
2 2
1
(1 + 2 +

+ + )
+ )
15

5.2 Comparisons between LEED & Greenroads


Differences
Similarities
Requirements, Equations and Data needs
LEED requirements and equations are simpler than Greenroads in both credits
(stormwater quantity and quality). Especially in stormwater quality credit, Greenroads
is more complicated with three treatment levels (basic, enhanced & oil)

Advantages
LEED has a large database with many certified projects because it was developed for a
longer time, there are more examples to follow to obtain LEED certification.
Greenroads needs time to accumulate certified projects to form a stronger database.

16

5.3 Establish Procedure


Modify concept
plan

Planning

1. Collect
data

2. Select
suitable
BMPs

3. Develop
SWM
concept plan

NO

4. Evaluate
performance
YES

Execution

Implement
SWM plan

Procedure for planning stormwater design


17

5. Data & Procedure for Planning Stormwater Design


Step 2
1

Collectsuitable
Select
data BMPs

o Guidelines of stormwater management from governments or regulations,

Site Suitability
Cost & Community concern
such as manuals of BMPs.BMP selection process

1. Land use
1. Construction cost
o Input
Location,
zone
of the project, such
as
being located
2. Spaceclimate
required
2. Maintenance
costin the humid,
Output
Phase 1
Phase 2
3. Size
of drainage
are
3. Community
acceptance
or semiarid
place.
Site suitability
List ofarid
common
List of the best
Cost &
4. Drained soil and
Steep slope 4.
Conservation
habitat
parameter
BMPs
for a project
community
concern
o BMPs
Square area including
total area and imperviousness
area, total
segment
5. Quantity control
5. Safety concern
length
and total
width of cross section.
6. Water
quality
BMP selection process
7.
High
%
impervious
area
o Surface type on site, runoff
coefficients for surface types.
o Drainage area characteristics and the curve number.
o Precipitation/weather data, including rainfall depth, storm duration in 1year, 2-year 24-hour, rainfall per 24 hours, and 90% of annual rainfall.
18

Step 4
3

Develop SWM
Evaluate
performance
conceptof
plan
selected BMPs

This step uses equations


and data
proposedin
toaassess
whether
Items should
be included
concept
plana project is
able
to earn
in the
LEED or not.
o Land
use credits
planning,
by indicating
positions of building, landscape area, road.
o
meet
credit requirements,
it will move to implement the
o If
Allthe
theproject
suitablecan
BMPs
attained
and their location.
plan.of runoff flow from each practice and linkage to sewer system.
o SWM
Directions
o If not, the project team has to define what the problems are, what is not
reasonable in design and which parameters should be considered by going
back to step 3 to modify the concept design.

19

6. Case Project Studies


Case 1

An assumed office in North Carolina, U.S.

This project has a significant green space around, and locates inside a

residential district with convenient communication networks. The site is


already developed, but it has not implemented
S= 3.5 acres any stormwater management
plan.

Project location
20

Quantity volume reduction of the renovation office


Baseline case

Selected BMPS
1. Bioretention
2. Grassed swales
3. Permeable
pavement
4. Curb cuts

Quality control in the renovation office


Design case

WQVH = (0.083 ft) A = 0.083 ft 3.5 acres = 0.29 arce-ft


TSS = 60 + 85 (60 x 85)/100 = 94% removal (> 80%)
21

Case 2

Fisher Pavilion at Seattle Center, WA, U.S.

This building was rebuilt in November 2002, and got certified by LEED

v2/v2.1 with 29 points in total, but did not achieve stormwater credits of
LEED. It provides 52% of pervious area.

S= 2.6 acres

The site includes an exhibition hall, upper plaza, lower plaza, and civic green.
Project location

Section

22

Quantity volume and peak flow rate reduction of Fisher Pavilion


Baseline case

Selected BMPS
1. Grassed swales
2. Bioretention
3. Permeable
pavement

Design case

Quality control in Fisher Pavilion

SWM concept plan


WQVS = (0.063 ft) x 2.6 acres = 0.16 acre-ft

TSS = 60 + 85 (60 x 85)/100 = 94% removal (> 80%)


23

7. Difficulties & Solutions


7.2 Difficulties
Solutions encountered in implementation
7.1
1.

Solutions to low data availability

The government should take the lead role to launch the


research about stormwater management in many locations.
This work will help define and collect data which relate to

weather, rainfall event, conditions and characteristics.


2. Solutions to lack of knowledge in design
Education is the best solution to improve awareness of
project participants in stormwater management. Land use
planning, technical capacities of BMPs or LID design, etc.
should be educated.
24

8. Conclusions
8.1 Limitations
8.2
Achievements
1. The
Non-structural
research defines
BMPs twelve
are notfactors
mentioned
affecting
deeply
BMP
in selection
the research
andbecause
ten BMPs
commonly
they
are related
used to
in principles
green buildings
and require
based sufficient
on guidelines
understanding
and LEEDs from
projects.

communities and designers before implementation.


2. This research presents how to achieve effective stormwater design through
theLimited
use of figures,
tables, equations,
data,projects
and regulations
contain
2.
data availability,
so only some
in the U.S.which
are discussed
necessary information and stormwater design parameters for the site.
3. Limited knowledge, only existing equations and regulations from LEED
3. The established procedure helps designers have a better understanding of
and Greenroads are explained, but the background knowledge of these
how to design a good SWM plan.
equations and regulations is not discussed.
4. Two main difficulties in low data availability and lack of knowledge in

design with proposed solution will help the procedure better in the future.
25

Thank you for your attention !

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