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MATLAB Tutorial by Ashish Jangid

This document provides an introduction to MATLAB, covering what MATLAB is, its typical uses, components, and some basic functions. MATLAB can be used for technical computing, data analysis, modeling and simulation. Everything in MATLAB is represented as a matrix. Common tasks like plotting, image processing and simulation can be done by treating images and data as matrices and using MATLAB's built-in functions.

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40 views

MATLAB Tutorial by Ashish Jangid

This document provides an introduction to MATLAB, covering what MATLAB is, its typical uses, components, and some basic functions. MATLAB can be used for technical computing, data analysis, modeling and simulation. Everything in MATLAB is represented as a matrix. Common tasks like plotting, image processing and simulation can be done by treating images and data as matrices and using MATLAB's built-in functions.

Uploaded by

VeraAdmin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to MATLAB

By: Ashish Jangid

MATLAB
What Is MATLAB?

MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory)


high-performance language for technical computing
computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-touse environment
Typical uses include:

Math and computation


Algorithm development
Modelling, simulation, and prototyping
Data analysis, exploration, and visualization
Scientific and engineering graphics
Application development, including Graphical User Interface
building

Why MATLAB

A good choice for vision program development


because:
Easy to do very rapid prototyping
Quick to learn, and good documentation
A good library of image processing functions
Excellent display capabilities
Widely used for teaching and research in
universities and industry
Another language to impress your boss with !

Why not MATLAB

Has some drawbacks:


Slow for some kinds of processes
Not geared to the web
Not designed for large-scale system
development

MATLAB Components

MATLAB consists of:

The MATLAB language


a high-level matrix/array language with control flow statements, functions,
data structures, input/output, and object-oriented programming features.

The MATLAB working environment


the set of tools and facilities that you work with as the MATLAB user or
programmer, including tools for developing, managing, debugging, and
profiling

Handle Graphics
the MATLAB graphics system. It includes high-level commands for twodimensional and three-dimensional data visualization, image processing,
animation, and presentation graphics.

(contd)

MATLAB Components

The MATLAB function library.


a vast collection of computational algorithms ranging from elementary
functions like sum, sine, cosine, and complex arithmetic, to more
sophisticated functions like matrix inverse, matrix eigenvalues, Bessel
functions, and fast Fourier transforms as well as special image processing
related functions

The MATLAB Application Program Interface (API)


a library that allows you to write C and Fortran programs that interact with
MATLAB. It include facilities for calling routines from MATLAB (dynamic
linking), calling MATLAB as a computational engine, and for reading and
writing MAT-files.

MATLAB

Some facts for a first impression

Everything in MATLAB is a matrix !

MATLAB is an interpreted language, no


compilation needed (but possible)

MATLAB does not need any variable


declarations, no dimension statements, has no
packaging, no storage allocation, no pointers

Programs can be run step by step, with full


access to all variables, functions etc.

What does Matlab code look like?


A simple example:
a=1
while length(a) < 10
a = [0 a] + [a 0]
end

which prints out Pascals triangle:


1
11
121
1331
14641
1 5 10 10 5 1
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
1 9 36 84 126 126 84 36 9 1
(with a= before each line).

What does Matlab code look like?


Another simple example:
t = 0:pi/100:2*pi;
y = sin(t);
plot(t,y)

What does Matlab code look like?


Another simple example:
t = 0:pi/100:2*pi;
y = sin(t);
plot(t,y)

Remember:

EVERYTHING IN MATLAB
IS A MATRIX !
creates 1 x 200 Matrix

Argument and result: 1 x 200 Matrix

Matrices

Matrices

Rows and columns are always numbered starting at 1


Matlab matrices are of various types to hold different
kinds of data (usually floats or integers)
A single number is really a 1 x 1 matrix in Matlab!
Matlab variables are not given a type, and do not need
to be declared
Any matrix can be assigned to any variable

Matrices

Building matrices with [ ]:

A = [2 7 4]

2 7 4

A = [2; 7; 4]

2
7
4

A = [2 7 4; 3 8 9]

2 7 4
3 8 9

B = [ AA ]

Matrices

Building matrices with [ ]:

A = [2 7 4]

2 7 4

A = [2; 7; 4]

2
7
4

A = [2 7 4; 3 8 9]

2 7 4
3 8 9

B = [ AA ]

2 7 4 2 7 4
3 8 9 3 8 9

Matrices

Matrices

Some operators must be handled with care:


A = [1 2 ; 4 5]

B=A*A

prints

9 12
24 33

B = A .* A prints

1 4
16 25

Element by element multiplication

Submatrices

A matrix can be indexed using another matrix, to


produce a subset of its elements:

a = [100 200 300 400 500 600 700]


c = a(b):
300 500 600

b = [3 5 6]

Submatrices

To get a subsection of a matrix, we can produce the


index matrix with the colon operator:
a(2:5)
prints
ans = 200 300 400 500
This works in 2-D as well, e.g. c(2:3, 1:2) produces a
2 x 2 submatrix.
The rows and columns of the submatrix are
renumbered.

loops

for loops in MATLAB iterate over matrix elements:

b=0
for i = [ 3 9 17]
b = b + i;
end
Result:

29

Note:
The MATLAB way to write that program would have been:
b = sum([ 3 9 17]);
Avoid loops if possible !

loops

The typical for loop looks like:


for i = 1:6

end
Which is the same as:

for i = [1 2 3 4 5 6]

end

loops

Once again:
AVOID LOOPS

Images

So why MATLAB and IMAGE


PROCESSING ?

Images

Images can be treated as


matrices !

Images

Loading an image:

a = imread(picture.jpg);
imshow(a);

Images

Image (=matrix) size:


size(a): 384 512 3

R G B
384

512

Images

Color image:
3D Matrix of RGB planes

Images

Show RED plane:


a(:,:,2:3) = 0;
imshow(a);

Images

Show GREEN plane:


a(:,:,[1 3]) = 0;
imshow(a);

Images

Show BLUE plane:


a(:,:,1:2) = 0;
imshow(a);

Plotting

Commands covered: plot, xlabel, ylabel, title grid, axis, stem,


subplot
xlabel('time (sec)'); ylabel('step response'); title('My Plot');
Eg:To plot more than one graph on the screen, use the command
subplot(mnp) which partitions the screen into an mxn grid where
p determines the position of the particular graph counting the
upper left corner as p=1. For example,
subplot(211),semilogx(w,magdb);
subplot(212),semilogx(w,phase);

3D Plotting

x=[0:10]; y=[0:10]; z=x*y;


mesh(x,y,z); title(3-D Graph);

Simulink

Simulink
Used to model, analyze and simulate dynamic
systems using block diagrams.
Provides a graphical user interface for constructing
block diagram of a system therefore is easy to use.
However modeling a system is not necessarily easy !

Simulink

Model simplified representation of a system e.g. using


mathematical equation
We simulate a model to study the behavior of a system
need to verify that our model is correct expect results
Knowing how to use Simulink or MATLAB does not
mean that you know how to model a system

Simulink

Problem: We need to simulate the resonant circuit


and display the current waveform as we change the
frequency dynamically.
i
Varies
from 0 to
2000 rad/s

10

100 uF

+
v(t) = 5 sin t

0.01 H

Observe the current. What do we expect ?

The amplitude of the current waveform will become


maximum at resonant frequency, i.e. at = 1000 rad/s

Simulink

How to model our resonant circuit ?


i

10

100 uF

v(t) = 5 sin t

0.01 H

Writing KVL around the loop,

di 1
v iR L
idt
dt C

Simulink

Differentiate wrt time and re-arrange:


2

1 dv di R d i
i

2
L dt dt L dt LC
Taking Laplace transform:

sV R
I
2
sI s I
L L
LC
sV 2 R
1
I s s
L
L
LC

Simulink

Thus the current can be obtained from the voltage:

s(1/ L)
I V

R
1
2
s s
L
LC

s(1/ L)
R
1
2
s s
L
LC

Simulink

Start Simulink by typing simulink at Matlab prompt


Simulink library and untitled windows appear

It is where we obtain
the blocks to construct
our model

It is here where we
construct our model.

Simulink

Constructing the model using Simulink:


Drag and drop block from the Simulink library
window to the untitled window

simout

s+1
Sine Wave

Transfer Fcn

To Workspace

Simulink

Constructing the model using Simulink:

s(1/ L)
R
1
2
s s
L
LC

s(100)
2
6
s 1000 s 1 10
100s
s2+1000s+1e6

Sine Wave

Transfer Fcn
v
To Workspace1

i
To Workspace

Simulink

1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

-5

By the way

MATLAB can also handle


Movies
3D objects

Conclusion

MATLAB is a mighty tool to


manipulate matrices

Images can be treated as


matrices
MATLAB is a mighty tool to
manipulate images

In my opinion

MATLAB should be used to code


software prototypes

Research is mostly about


prototypes, not runtime-optimized
software
MATLAB should be used in
research

In my opinion

MATLAB prototypes must be recoded (e.g. in C++) if theres need


for speed
Algorithm development time is
drastically shorter in MATLAB

Conclusion

CONCLUSION:

Give it a try !
Any
Query

Thank you

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