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AE Lecture - 2

The frame or chassis is the main skeleton of the vehicle that supports all other parts. It is made of strong yet lightweight steel and can withstand heavy loads. The engine mounts to the front of the frame while the rear axle mounts to the rear. Additional components like the fuel tank, steering, and suspension systems attach to the frame. Frames come in different types but all must carry weight, transmit forces, and maintain stability.

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155 views

AE Lecture - 2

The frame or chassis is the main skeleton of the vehicle that supports all other parts. It is made of strong yet lightweight steel and can withstand heavy loads. The engine mounts to the front of the frame while the rear axle mounts to the rear. Additional components like the fuel tank, steering, and suspension systems attach to the frame. Frames come in different types but all must carry weight, transmit forces, and maintain stability.

Uploaded by

Prasanna_mech
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Frames

A. Prasanna
Frame
 The frame or under body is the main skeleton of
the vehicle.
 The remaining parts of the chassis are mounted
on it.
 Chassis frames are made of “steel Section”
 They are strong enough to withstand the load
and also light in weight to reduce dead weight on
the vehicle.
 Location of major parts on the chassis:

 The engine is mounted in the front end of


the frame and is connected to the clutch
and transmission unit to form a complete
power assembly.

 The rear axle housing is attached through


the real spring at the rear end of the
frame.

Contd
 Thewheel and the tyre assemblies
support the frame

 Thesteering system has some parts


attached to the frame and the body

 Thepetrol tank is fastened to the


rear of the frame.
Functions of the frame
 To carry the weight of the vehicle and
passenger.
 To withstand the engine and transmission
torque.
 To bear thrust, acceleration and braking
torque.
 To resist the centrifugal forces when
cornering.
 To withstand bending and twist

Contd
 To strengthen, to resist the severe twist
and bending forces at high speed over the
road.

 To provide correct spacing between the


different components.

 To serve as a bed for fuel tank, battery


and other mounting units.

 To bear the suspension system.


Types of frame
 Conventional frame
 Semi – Integral frame
 Integral or Unitized frame

The chassis frames are pressed steel


members and are easily attached to
each other by riveting or welding.

Contd
 Theframe basically consists of two
longitudinal members of mils steel with
channel section.

 These two members are connected


cross - wise by cross members of
tubular or box like cross section.
Construction
Conventional frame
 Itis called as non – load carrying frame
 The loads on the vehicle are transferred
to the suspension by this type of frame.
 The total frame is mounted on the wheel
axle by means of springs.
 Mostly used in heavy vehicles like trucks.
 The cross sections of the frame are
usually channel, tubular or box type.
Semi-Integral frame construction

 The rubber body mountings are usually


replaced by relatively stiff mountings.
 This arrangement transfers a part of the
frame load to the body structure also.
 This type is mainly used in European cars
and American cars.
 This construction is heavy when compared
to the previous type.
Integral frame construction or frameless
construction
 This
is also called as Chassisless, Unitary or
monocoque construction.

 There is no separate frame.

 This used in passenger cars.

 Thisconstruction provides a stiff light


construction suitable for mass produced
vehicles.
Contd
 Allthe assembly units are attached to the
body.

 Heavy side members are eliminated and


cross members are combined with the floor
of the body.

 Thistype of construction led to much


reduction of weight.

Contd
 Themembers are welded together as
one assembly.

 Inthis type the stresses are evenly


distributed throughout the structure.

A strong structure with good


torsional rigidity and resistance in
bending is provided by this type.
Contd
SUB FRAME
A frame is attached to the body frame
in the front of the body shell.

 Theengine and the gear box are


supported on these frames at the
front suspension using independent
rear suspension.

 These
are simple in construction and
mounted in rubber blocks.
Contd
Front Sub-Frame
Rear Sub-Frame
 This frame supports the main frame
at three points.

 This is to isolate the components from


twisting and flexing effects.

 In turn protect the body from engine


vibrations.
Contd
ADVANTAGES OF SUB - FRAMES

1. It helps to dampen the vibration.


2. It simplifies the production process while
assembling.
3. It facilitates repair, service and overhaul.
Types of sections of frames
 Channel section
This is used in long members of the
frame. It is good in bending and tubular in
torsion.
 Box section
This is used in short member of the
frame. It is good in bending and torsion.
Box Type
 Tubular section
This is used in three-wheeler, scooters,
matadors and pick-ups
BACK BONE FRAME

A central longitudinal steel tube is called


back bone.
 The section below uses single arm parallel
type of suspension.
 Theengine gear box unit is accommodated at the
forked front end of the frame.

 The driving shaft is made to pass through the


inside of the central tubular portion of the frame.
 Thisframe is build up of two channel
sections, which are pressed and
welded together.

 This
type of frame is used in
independent suspensions.
Frame
Members
 Itconsists of two longitudinal or side
members A and B.
 These are made in the form of
pressings of channel section.
 Theside members are generally
arranged to be closer at the front.

 The
side members are brazed by a
numbers of cross members C.

 Dump irons-D are provided at the


front and rear ends.
 Springsare connected to brackets ‘E’
which are provided to support the
running boards.

 Brackets‘F’ are used to support the


engine, gear box, brakes shafts,…..

 Theframes are stiffened with cross


pressing for independent suspension and
are stiffer at the front end.
X - Frame
 The side members and cross members
are rigidly attached to each other by
riveting or welding.
 Heavy side members are eliminated and
cross members are connected with the
floor of the body.
 ‘X’ member may be of channel or box
section.
 This type of frame imparts rigidity to the
frame.
DEFECTS IN CHASSIS FRAME

Some of the defects are;

 Cracks
 Dislocatedparts
 Broken welds
 Buckling

 Thechassis is checked for these


defects and suitably rectified.
The following methods are used to prevent
rust formation;
 Use of galvanized sheets.
 Use of zinc enriched primer paint.
 Use of plastic coating on panels.
 Use of rubberized solution.
 Avoiding tight corners so that the moisture cannot
get settled.
 Providing plenty of drain holes to allow trapped
water to run out.
 Itis important that the chassis frame is
properly aligned.

 After repair is carried out on the frame, the


alignments should be checked with the
original measurements.
Materials for Frame
 The various tools used are Mild Sheet Steel,
Carbon Sheet Steel and Sheet nickel alloy steel.

 The composition of sheet nickel alloy is;

 Carbon - 0.25 to 0.35 %


 Manganese - 0.35 to 0.75 %
 Silicon - 0.30 % (Max)
 Nickel -3%
 Phosphorous - 0.05 % (Max)
 Sulphur - 0.5 % (Max)

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