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Excelhonour Com-05jb3lect1hist

The document discusses different methods for designing asphalt concrete mixes, including the Marshall and Hveem methods. The Marshall method involves compacting specimens using a hammer and evaluating properties like stability and flow. The Hveem method uses a kneading compactor and evaluates horizontal deformation under load. Both methods aim to develop durable, stable mixes with sufficient voids and workability.

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37 views

Excelhonour Com-05jb3lect1hist

The document discusses different methods for designing asphalt concrete mixes, including the Marshall and Hveem methods. The Marshall method involves compacting specimens using a hammer and evaluating properties like stability and flow. The Hveem method uses a kneading compactor and evaluates horizontal deformation under load. Both methods aim to develop durable, stable mixes with sufficient voids and workability.

Uploaded by

AryaSniper
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Asphalt Concrete Mix

Design
History

Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete (HMA)


Mix Designs

Objective:
Develop an economical blend of
aggregates and asphalt that meet
design requirements
Historical mix design methods
Marshall
Hveem
New
Superpave gyratory

Requirements in Common

Sufficient asphalt to ensure a durable pavement


Sufficient stability under traffic loads
Sufficient air voids
Upper limit to prevent excessive
environmental damage
Lower limit to allow room for initial
densification due to traffic
Sufficient workability

MARSHALL
MIX
DESIGN

Marshall Mix Design

Developed by Bruce Marshall for the


Mississippi Highway Department in the late
30s
WES began to study it in 1943 for WWII
Evaluated compaction effort
No. of blows, foot design, etc.
Decided on 10 lb.. Hammer, 50
blows/side
4% voids after traffic
Initial criteria were established and
upgraded for increased tire pressures and
loads
5

Automatic Marshall Hammer

Marshall Mix Design

Select and test aggregate


Select and test asphalt cement
Establish mixing and compaction
temperatures
Develop trial blends
Heat and mix asphalt cement and
aggregates
Compact specimen (100 mm
diameter)
7

Mixing/Compaction Temps
Viscosity, Pa s
10
5

1
.5
.3
.2
.1

Compaction Range
Mixing Range
100

110

120

130

140

150 160

170 180 190 200

Temperature, C
8

Marshall Design Criteria


Light Traffic
ESAL < 104
Compaction

Stability N (lb.)

Medium Traffic
10 4 < ESAL< 10

Heavy Traffic
ESAL > 106

35

50

75

3336 (750)

5338 (1200)

8006 (1800)

Flow, 0.25 mm (0.1 in)

8 to 18

8 to 16

8 to 14

Air Voids, %

3 to 5

3 to 5

3 to 5

Voids in Mineral Agg.


(VMA)

Varies with aggregate size

Minimum VMA Requirements

10

Marshall Mix Design Tests

Heights
Used to correct stability measurements
Bulk specific gravity of compacted sample
Maximum specific gravity of loose mix
Stability and flow
60oC water bath (30 to 40 minutes)
50 mm/min loading rate
Max. load = uncorrected stability
Corresponding vertical deformation = flow

11

Marshall Stability and Flow

12

Marshall Design Use of Data


Asphalt Institute Procedure
Air Voids,
%

Stability

Unit Wt.

4%

Asphalt Content, %

Asphalt Content, %

Asphalt Content, %

Target optimum asphalt content = average


13

Marshall Design Use of Data


Asphalt Institute Procedure
VMA, %

Flow

Upper limit

OK
OK
Minimum

Lower Limit
Asphalt Content, %

Asphalt Content, %

Use target optimum asphalt content


to check if these criteria are met
14

Marshall Design Use of Data


NAPA Procedure
Air Voids,
%

4%

Asphalt Content, %

Target optimum asphalt content =


the asphalt content at 4% air voids
15

Marshall Design Use of Data


NAPA Procedure
Stability

OK

Asphalt Content, %

The target stability is checked


16

Marshall Design Use of Data


NAPA Procedure
VMA, %

Flow

Upper limit

OK
OK
Minimum

Lower Limit
Asphalt Content, %

Asphalt Content, %

Use target optimum asphalt content


to check if these criteria are met
17

Marshall Design Method

Advantages
Attention on voids, strength, durability
Inexpensive equipment
Easy to use in process
control/acceptance

Disadvantages

Impact method of compaction


Does not consider shear strength
Load perpendicular to compaction axis
18

HVEEM MIX
DESIGN

19

Hveem Mix Design Method

Francis Hveem developed for California


DOT in mid 1920s
Limited use
Primarily in West coast states
Addresses similar design considerations
as Marshall
Considers asphalt absorption by
aggregate
20

Hveem Mix Design Method

Selection and testing of aggregates


Selection and testing of binders
Centrifuge kerosene equivalent (CKE)
Surface capacity of aggregate
Estimate optimum asphalt content

21

Hveem Mix Design Method

Use kneading compactor to prepare specimens


Determine stability with Hveem stabilometer
Evaluates horizontal deformation under axial
load
Specimen loaded along axis of compaction
Visual observation, volumetrics, and stability
used to select optimum asphalt content

22

Hveem Kneading Compactor

23

Hveem Stabilometer

24

Hveem Mix Design Method


Stability

Air
Voids,
%

Minimum
Asphalt Content, %

Asphalt Content, %

VMA

Minimum
Heavy traffic = 37 stability min.
Medium = 35 min.
Light = 30 min.

Asphalt Content, %
25

Hveem Mix Design Method


Step 4
Max. AC with 4% Voids
Step 3
Min. Stability
Step 2
Flushing
Step 1
Design Series
26

Hveem Mix Design

Advantages
Attention to voids, strength, durability
Kneading compaction similar to field
Strength parameter direct indication of
internal friction component of shear
strength

Disadvantages

Equipment expensive and not easily


portable
Not wide range in stability measurements
27

Questions - ?

28

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