Chapter 1:

Introduction to Systems
Analysis and Design

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Objectives
Understand the fundamental systems
development life cycle and its four phases.
Understand the evolution of systems
development methodologies.
Be familiar with the Unified Process and its
extensions.
Be familiar with the different roles on the
project team.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Why Should We Care?

Would you buy a car that only had a 28% chance

of driving off the lot with no problems?
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Recent Significant IT Failures

Company

Year

Outcome

Hudson Bay (Canada)

2005

Inventory system problems lead to $33.3

million loss.

UK Inland Revenue

2004/
5

$3.45 billion tax-credit overpayment

caused by software errors.

Avis Europe PLC (UK)

2004

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system

cancelled after $54.5 million spent.

Ford Motor Co.

2004

Purchasing system abandoned after

deployment costing approximately $400
M

Hewlett-Packard Co.

2004

ERP system problems contribute to $160

million loss.

AT&T Wireless

2004

Customer relations management system

upgrade problems lead to $100M loss

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Systems Development Life Cycle

Planning

Implementation

Analysis

Design
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

SDLC: Planning
1. Project Initiation
Develop a system request
Conduct a feasibility analysis

2. Project Management
Develop work plan
Staff the project
Control and direct the project

Why should we build this system?

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SDLC: Analysis
1. Develop analysis strategy
2. Gather requirements
3. Develop a system proposal

What should the system do for us?

Where and when will it be used?
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Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

SDLC: Design
1.
2.
3.
4.

Develop a design strategy

Design architecture and interfaces
Develop databases and file specifications
Develop the program design

How will we build the system?

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

SDLC: Implementation
1. Construct system
2. Install system
Implement a training plan for the users

3. Establish a support plan

Build the system!

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Putting the SDLC Together

Each phase consists of steps that lead to
specific deliverables
The system evolves through gradual
refinement
Once the system is implemented, it may go
back into a planning phase for its next
revision, a follow-on system, or maintenance
releases
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Processes and Deliverables

Process

Product

Planning

Project Plan

Analysis

System Proposal

Design

Implementation

System
Specification
New System and
Maintenance Plan

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SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGIES
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Systems Development Methodologies

A methodology is a formalized approach to
implementing the SDLC
Well-known methodologies include:
Waterfall development
Parallel development
V-model
Rapid application development
Agile development
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Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Categories of Methodologies
Structured Design
Waterfall Development
Parallel Development

Rapid Application Development

Phased
Prototyping
Throwaway Prototyping

Agile Development
eXtreme Programming
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Structured Design 1

Waterfall Development
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Structured Design 2

Parallel Development
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Rapid Application Development 1

Phased Development
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Rapid Application Development 2

System Prototyping

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Rapid Application Development 3

Throwaway Prototyping

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Agile Development

Extreme Programming

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Selecting the Right Methodology

Usefulness
for

Waterfall

Parallel

Phased

Prototyping

Throwaway
Prototyping

Extreme
Programming

Unclear user
requirements

Poor

Poor

Good

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

Unfamiliar
technology

Poor

Poor

Good

Poor

Excellent

Poor

Complex
systems

Good

Good

Good

Poor

Excellent

Poor

Reliable
systems

Good

Good

Good

Poor

Excellent

Good

Short time
schedule

Poor

Good

Excellent

Excellent

Good

Excellent

Schedule
visibility

Poor

Poor

Excellent

Excellent

Good

Good

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

PROJECT TEAM ROLES AND SKILLS

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Project Team Skills

Project team members are change agents who
find ways to improve their organization
A broad range of skills is required, including
Technical
Business
Analytical
Interpersonal
Management
ethical
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Project Team Roles

Role

Responsibilities

Business Analyst

Analyzing the key business aspects of the system

Identifying how the system will provide business value
Designing the new business processes and policies

Systems Analyst

Identifying how technology can improve business processes

Designing the new business processes
Designing the information system
Ensuring the system conforms to IS standards

Infrastructure Analyst

Ensuring the system conforms to infrastructure standards

Identifying infrastructure changes required by the system

Change Management
Analyst

Developing and executing a change management plan

Developing and executing a user training plan

Project Manager

Managing the team

Developing and monitoring the project plan
Assigning resources
Serving as the primary point of contact for the project

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
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Summary
All systems development projects follow
essentially the same process, called the
system development life cycle (SDLC)
System development methodologies are
formalized approaches to implementing SDLCs
Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design
(OOSAD) uses a use-case-driven, architecturecentric, iterative, and incremental information
systems development approach
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary
The Unified Process is a two-dimensional
systems development process described with
a set of phases and workflows
The Unified Modeling Language, or UML, is a
standard set of diagramming techniques
The project team needs a variety of skills

PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Tegarden Systems Analysis and Design with UML, 3rd Edition
Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.