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Chap8 Circuit Switching

This document discusses circuit switching and the telephone network. It describes how circuit switching works by creating a direct physical connection between devices. A circuit switch is a device that creates a temporary connection between an input and output link. The telephone network uses circuit switching technologies like crossbar switches and multistage switches to connect calls. It also discusses the history of telephone companies and how the network is organized into local access transport areas (LATAs) served by switching offices.

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49 views

Chap8 Circuit Switching

This document discusses circuit switching and the telephone network. It describes how circuit switching works by creating a direct physical connection between devices. A circuit switch is a device that creates a temporary connection between an input and output link. The telephone network uses circuit switching technologies like crossbar switches and multistage switches to connect calls. It also discusses the history of telephone companies and how the network is organized into local access transport areas (LATAs) served by switching offices.

Uploaded by

chaidar_lakare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 8

Circuit Switching & Telephone Network

1.
2.

Spring 2006

Circuit switching
Telephone network

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-1

Switching
Whenever we have multiple devices, we have the
problem of how to connect them to make one-oneone communication possible.

Spring 2006

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-2

Circuit-switched Network
Creates a direct physical connection between two devices
such as phones or computer

Spring 2006

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-3

A Circuit Switch
Device with n inputs and m outputs that creates a
temporary connection between an input link and output
link

Spring 2006

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-4

A Folded Switch
n-by-n folded switch can connect n lines in full-duplex
mode

Spring 2006

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-5

Circuit Switching Technologies

Spring 2006

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-6

Crossbar Switch

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Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-7

Crossbar Switches: Problem


The number of switches is huge.
connect n inputs by m output -- require n * m
crosspoint.
Ex : 1000 input, 1000 output 1,000,000 crosspoint

Inefficient
fewer than 25% of the crosspoints are in use at a given
time.

Spring 2006

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-8

Multistage Switch

Spring 2006

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-9

Switching Path

Spring 2006

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-10

Multistage Switches: Advantage


Advantage: The number of crosspoints
single-stage switch
~ need 225 crosspoint(15 * 15)
multistage switch
~ first-stage : 10 crosspoint(5 * 2) *3 = 30 crosspoint
~ second-stage : 9 crosspoint(3 *3) * 2 = 18 crosspoint
~ third-stage : 10 crosspoint(5 * 2) *3 = 30 crosspoint
total number of crosspoint : 78

Disadvantage: Call blocking

Spring 2006

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-11

TDM, with and without TSI

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Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-12

Time-Slot Interchange

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Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-13

TDM Bus

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Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-14

Combinations
Space Division SW : Simple (O), Crosspoints (X)
Time Division SW : Processing delay (X)
Space-and Time-Division Switching combinations
take advantage of the best of both
TST(time-space-time)
TSST(time-space-space-time)
STTS(space-time-time-space)

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Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-15

TST Switch

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8-16

A Telephone System

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8-17

Telephone Companies: Brief History


Before 1984
Almost all services are provided by AT&T Bell System
In 1984, AT&T was broken into
AT&T long Lines
23 BOCs(Bell Operating Companies)
BOCs are grouped together to several RBOCs

Between 1984 and 1996


Divided into more than 200 LATAs (Local Access Transport
Areas)

After 1996
Any companies can provide any services
Spring 2006

Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-18

LATAs
A LATA can be a small or large metropolitan area
Intra-LATA services are provided by local
exchange carriers
ILEC (Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers)
CLEC (Competitive Local Exchange Carriers)

Inter-LATA services are handled by IXCs (InterExchange Carriers)


Called long-diatance companies

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Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-19

Switching Offices in a LATA

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8-20

POP (Point of Presence)

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Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-21

Rotary and Touch-Tone Dialing

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Data Communications, Kwangwoon University

8-22

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